” India is a Republic ” – This sentence reflects an important feature of the Indian Constitution and democratic system.
Why is India a republic ?
” Republic ” means a nation whose head ( the president ) is elected by the people , and is not ruled by a hereditary king or emperor. India became a republic on 26 January 1950 , when its Constitution came into force.
Salient features of the Republic :
Elected Head : The head of state of India is indirectly elected by the people and he does not belong to any dynasty.
Constitution is supreme : Governance in India is based on the Constitution and not on the whims of any one individual.
Democratic system : In India the government is elected by the people and is accountable to the people.
Independence of Judiciary : Judiciary in India is independent and it protects the constitution.
conclusion :
India is a sovereign , socialist , secular , democratic republic The term ” Republic ” ensures that the power is vested in the people and the head of the country is elected by the people and not on the basis of hereditary rights .
Meaning of Republic
A republic is a system of government in which the head of the nation ( such as the President ) is elected by the people and not held in power as a king , queen or hereditary ruler. Here ” Gana ” means ” people ” and ” Rajya ” means ” governance ” – i.e. rule of the people.
�� Features of the Republic :
Elected Head of State : The head of state is elected directly or indirectly by the people.
Constitution based governance : The country is governed according to the constitution.
The public is supreme : The final power lies in the hands of the public.
Rule of Law : Every person , whether a common citizen or the President , is subject to the law.
Responsible Government : The government is accountable to the people.
��Why is India a republic ?
India became a republic on 26 January 1950 Made when the Constitution came into force. After this :
The rule of the king or emperor ended in India Done.
an elected president Became the head of the state.
The governance of India is completely based on the constitution Started moving accordingly.
�� Conclusion :
” Republic ” is not just a word , but a symbol of people’s power , constitutional system and democratic rights It is a symbol of freedom. India being a ” Republic ” ensures that every citizen gets equal rights , and the governance is in the interest of the public.
Why Is India A Republic ?
India is a republic because the supreme power here is in the hands of the people , and the head of the country ( President ) is elected by the representatives elected by the people. He is chosen through the power of the king – he does not come from any king or dynasty. Let us understand this in detail :
��What is a republic ?
Republic That country is called :
Where the President is not hereditary ,
where government is governed according to the constitution It goes on ,
and where the people have the supreme right are obtained.
��How did India become a republic ?
15 August 1947 India became independent on 10 May 1857 , but it was a ” Dominion ” , where the representative of the British King ( Governor General ) held the highest position.
26 January 1950 When the Indian constitution came into force It happened , India declared itself a ” sovereign , socialist , secular , democratic republic “ It was declared.
�� Why is India a republic ? ( Main reason )
| Reason | Description |
| 1. Elected President | The President of India is elected by the votes of the MPs and MLAs elected by the people and not by any dynasty. |
| 2. No king or emperor | There is no king or royal family in power in India. |
| 3. The constitution is supreme | The country is governed according to the Constitution and not as per the whims of any individual. |
| 4. Supreme right to the public | The people of India have the right to vote , form government , speak , get education and get justice. |
| 5. All are equal before the law | king and subjects , all citizens are equal before the law. |
�� Conclusion :
India is a republic Because the governance here is by the people , for the people and through the people There is no royal family here , but every citizen has equal rights and opportunities.
✨ This is the real beauty of democracy – and this is the republican form of India.
Main Features of Republic
Republic is a system of government in which the people are supreme , and the head of the country is elected by the people . Let us understand its main features in simple language :
�� 1. Elected Head of State (President)
In a republic, the head of the country ( such as the President ) is elected directly or indirectly by the people . This position does not come from any king or royal family.
�� 2. Constitution based governance
The governance of the republic is governed by a written constitution The constitution is supreme , and all citizens , leaders and officials are subject to it.
�� 3. Rule of Law
Equality before law for all citizens in the republic A king , a minister or a common man – everyone has to follow the law.
�� 4. Democratic process
A republic is democratic in which :
The public has the right to vote.
The government is elected by the people.
The government is answerable to the public.
�� 5. The people are the supreme power
In a republic, the ultimate source of power is the people . The people elect their representatives and they form the government.
�� 6. Independence of the Judiciary
In a republic the judiciary ( courts / judges ) is independent , which ensures that the constitution and laws are followed.
�� 7. Equal rights and freedom
Equal rights , liberty and justice to every citizen Guarantees – like freedom of expression , freedom of religion , right to education etc.
�� Conclusion :
The biggest feature of a republic is that it is not the rule of a king but the rule of the people . It happens. The government elected by the people works in the interest of all according to the rules laid down by the constitution .
Elected Head of State
Elected Chief Meaning – the supreme leader of the country ( like the President ) is elected by the people and does not attain that position by any dynasty , royal family or right of birth.
��Why is the elected head important in a republic ?
✅ Symbol of democracy – It proves that the power is in the hands of the people and not with any king or dynasty.
✅ Accountability – The leader elected by the public is accountable to the public .
✅ Principle of Equality – A person cannot occupy the highest position merely on the basis of his birth.
�� Elected Chief in India :
India is a republic and its President is elected.
The President is elected by the elected members of the Lok Sabha , Rajya Sabha and all the State Legislative Assemblies. Let’s do it together.
This election is based on Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution It happens under.
The term of office of the President is 5 years It happens.
��Types of elected heads in democratic countries :
| Type | Example | Description |
| President | India , America | elected by the people or people’s representatives |
| Prime Minister | India ( Chief of Executive ), UK | Elected by Parliament , the President / King is the nominal head |
| No hereditary monarch | In the Republic | The chieftaincy is not hereditary |
�� Conclusion :
Elected Chief This is the basic identity of a republic. This ensures that the supreme power of the country is not in the hands of any dynasty , but in the hands of representatives elected by the trust and vote of the people. It is near the.
The Constitution Is Supreme
” The Constitution is supreme “ It means that in any country, governance , law , justice and rights of citizens – all run according to the Constitution and not as per the wishes of any person , government or institution.
��What is the meaning of supremacy of the Constitution ?
✅ Constitution is supreme – No person in the country , be it the President , Prime Minister , Minister , Judge or a common citizen , is considered above the Constitution.
✅ All decisions are according to the Constitution – All laws made by the Parliament , government policies , and decisions of the courts are taken within the limits of the Constitution.
✅ The power of the government is limited – The Constitution decides what the government can and cannot do.
✅ Judiciary is the protector of the Constitution – If any law or action is against the Constitution , the court can declare it unconstitutional.
�� Supremacy of the Constitution in India :
The constitution came into force in India on 26 January 1950 and since then it has been the supreme law became.
According to Article 13 of the Constitution , any law which is against the fundamental rights becomes null and void .
�� Example :
If any government makes a law which takes away the freedom of speech , then the court can take it into custody under Article 19 of the Constitution. invalid under can do it.
If any minister or officer acts beyond the constitution , he can be stopped .
�� Conclusion :
” The Constitution is supreme ” – this principle is the foundation of democracy. It ensures that the country is ruled by law , not by any individual or party. It guarantees security , equality and justice to the citizens.
Democratic System
Democratic system A system of government in which the power is in the hands of the people and the government is by the people , for the people and through the people is selected.
�� Meaning of democracy :
” Lok ” = people ,
” Tantra ” = rule or system
�� That is , ” rule of the people ” = democracy
�� Main features of democratic system :
| Speciality | Description |
| ✅ The public is supreme | The government is formed by the votes of the people and is accountable to the people only. |
| ✅ Election System | Right to vote for all adult citizens ( above 18 years in India ) |
| ✅ Fundamental Rights | Every citizen has the right to speak , think , follow religion , get education etc. rights are available. |
| ✅ Multi-party system | Different political parties in a democracy There are two types of electoral rolls , and the public chooses from among them. |
| ✅ Independence of Judiciary | The courts and judiciary are independent and protect the Constitution. |
| ✅ Role of the Opposition | Opposition in a democracy has the right to speak and criticize the government. |
| ✅ Rule of Law | All citizens , leaders , officers – all are subject to the law. No one is above the law. |
�� Democratic system in India :
Lok Sabha elections are held every 5 years in India. There are.
Citizens vote for their representatives Choose through.
The elected representatives go to Parliament and make laws and run the country.
�� Conclusion :
Democratic system a system in which citizens have freedom , equality and participation The people have the right to vote. In this, the people themselves choose their government and also control it. This system of governance is the voice of the people. and public interest gives priority to.
Independence of The Judiciary
” Independence of the Judiciary “ It means that the courts of the country Any type of political pressure , government or outside interference free from only the constitution and law takes decisions accordingly.
��What is the Judiciary ?
Judiciary An institution is called that which :
interprets the law
deals with justice for violation of the law
Protects the rights of citizens
( in India Supreme Court , High Courts and District Courts are its parts )
�� Why is independence of judiciary necessary ?
| Reason | Description |
| ✅ Protecting the Constitution | The judiciary sees whether the government is working according to the constitution or not. |
| Protecting the rights of the public | If the rights of a citizen are violated , he can go to court. |
| Keeping the government under control | The court can decide whether any law made by the government is constitutional or not . |
| ✅ Fairness in Justice | When the judiciary is independent , it is fearless and impartial Gives the decision. |
��How is the independence of judiciary ensured in India
Appointment of Judges : The appointment of judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts is done through a special process ( collegium system ) .
Security of tenure – Judges cannot be removed without cause ; removal can only be done through impeachment by Parliament .
Salaries and service conditions protected – The salaries and perks of the judges cannot be changed except by Parliament.
Independence from Government – Judiciary Executive ( Government ) and the legislature ( Parliament ) is separate and independent from.
Judicial Review – The court can see whether a law or government action is against the constitution then no.
�� Conclusion :
Independence of the Judiciary a fundamental pillar of democracy It ensures that there is justice , equality and rule of law in the country When the judiciary is independent , only then the citizens are assured of their rights and the government also remains within the limits of the constitution.
What is Sovereign ?
” Sovereign “ The meaning of the word is – completely independent and self-governing . When a nation is not subject to any other country or power in all its internal and external affairs , it is called a sovereign nation. It is said.
�� Simple meaning of sovereignty :
of a country to take its own decisions .
external power can interfere inside the country .
Countries own policies , laws , defense , foreign policy Adi decides it himself .
�� Why is India a sovereign country ?
India became independent on 15 August 1947 .
But India became a sovereign republic on 26 January 1950. came into being , when its own constitution came into force Happened.
Now India is not under the rule of any king Nor that of any foreign power .
India makes its own laws , defence , foreign policy and economic policies .
�� Two types of sovereignty :
| Type | Meaning |
| Internal sovereignty | The people and the government of the country should decide about their internal matters Freedom to take decisions. Such as making laws , giving justice , running the administration. |
| external sovereignty | The country has its own foreign policy , war , agreements etc. The right to decide independently. No outside country can interfere. |
�� Importance of sovereignty :
It is the identity and dignity of the nation is a symbol of.
This ensures that the country is not a slave or subservient , but independent and self-reliant Is.
This gives freedom to take decisions in national interest It is available.
�� Conclusion :
sovereignty The biggest feature of a nation is that which gives it the right to act independently . India is a sovereign country , and this means that India is not ruled or influenced by any outside power .
What Is A Socialist ?
” Socialist “ The term means a social and economic structure in which all sections of society have equal rights over property and resources and reduce economic inequality .
India describes itself as a ” socialist republic ” in the preamble of its constitution. has declared it as a nation-state , which means that the policies and laws of the country will work in the direction that everyone gets equal opportunity , justice and participation in resources So to receive.
�� Basic Principles of Socialism :
| Principle | Description |
| ✅ Economic Equality | Employment , food , housing , education and health to every citizen Basic facilities like these should be available. |
| ✅ Social control over property | Some degree of government or social control over natural resources , industry , land, etc. so that they are not concentrated in the hands of a few rich people. |
| ✅ Classless society | rich and poor should be reduced in society And everyone should get the opportunity to live a life with dignity. |
| ✅ Welfare State | The objective of the government should be to do good to the people and not just increase the profits of the rich. |
| ✅ Equal opportunity for all | There should be no discrimination against anyone on the basis of caste , religion , sex or class. |
�� Socialism in India :
42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976 The word “ Socialist ” was added to the Preamble by .
Socialism in India means :
Schemes for the poor ( MNREGA , Ration Card , Jan Dhan Yojana etc. )
Government spending on education and health
Reservation system – which can bring social equality
Minimum wage laws , labor laws , etc.
�� Pay attention :
The socialism adopted in India is a ” democratic socialism “ is – i.e. it is a balance between capitalism and socialism Is :
�� The government focuses on social justice , but also promotes private business and capital.
�� Conclusion :
Socialist theory The aim is to provide equal opportunities , justice , education , health and dignity to all sections of society It provides the right to live a fair life . It promotes economic and social equality so that no citizen is left behind.
What Is Secular ?
Secular Means – any religion or religious belief is separate from the State ( Government ) , and the Government does not give special status to or promote any religion.
The Constitution of India describes India as a secular republic has been declared , which means that people of all religions get equal respect and rights in India.
�� Main meanings of secularism :
| point | Description |
| ✅ The government is not affiliated with any religion | The government neither promotes any one religion nor suppresses any religion. |
| ✅ Religious Freedom | , adopt , change or leave any religion of his choice . |
| ✅ Equal respect for all religions | In India all religions are given equal respect , and no religion is given priority over others. |
| ✅ Protection of religious freedom | The Constitution gives everyone the right to worship , protect religious places and follow religious traditions. |
�� Importance of Secularism in India :
People of various religions live in India – Hindus , Muslims , Sikhs , Christians , Jains , Buddhists , Parsis, etc.
Because of secularism, people of all religions have equal citizenship and rights Can get.
promotes religious tolerance , brotherhood and social unity in the country. It increases.
�� Conclusion :
secularism It means separation of state from religion , so that every person is free to follow his religious faith and all religions get equal respect. This is the religious diversity and unity of India. is the basis of.
Democratic Republic
Democratic Republic It means – a country where the power of governance is in the hands of the people , and where the head of the country ( President or Head of State ) is elected by the people , and not by birth or from any dynasty.
�� Two main things of a democratic republic
Democracy :
The public has power.
People choose their representatives through elections.
The government is accountable to the public.
Everyone gets equal rights and freedom.
Republic :
The head of the country or the President is elected.
is not hereditary ( from a dynasty ) .
The basis of power is the constitution and law.
��Why is India a democratic republic ?
Voting rights for all adults in India through which they elect their representatives.
President is the elected head of India Who is elected by the people or their representatives .
The governance of India runs according to the rules of the Constitution.
Equal rights and freedom for all citizens in India is received.
�� Advantages of a democratic republic :
| Benefit | Description |
| ✅ Public Participation | Every citizen participates in forming the government. |
| ✅ Protection of rights | The rights of citizens are protected. |
| ✅ Limitation of Power | Power is not limited to any one person or family. |
| ✅ Rule of Justice | Everyone is subject to the laws , and the judiciary is independent. |
�� Conclusion :
Democratic Republic It is a system of governance where the people are supreme , and the head of the country is elected , and the governance runs under the constitution and laws. India runs on this system , so it is called a democratic republic. It is said.
Conclusion
India is a democratic republic where the constitution is supreme and all citizens have fundamental rights The judiciary here is independent It is the country that protects the constitution and the law. India is a sovereign country . And secular It is a country where all religions get equal respect.
Democratic system In a republic, the power is in the hands of the people and they choose their representatives through elections. In a republic, the head is elected , who symbolizes the wishes of the people.
Thus , the basic foundation of India’s governance system is the constitution , justice , equality and freedom. Which gives all citizens the right to live a just and equal life .