Cold war One Idealistic Conflict Was Who Second World War ( 1945) Of after Start Happened And About 1991 till walked.
Experience & Learning — A short framing
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Cold war One Idealistic Conflict — Main Overview
Cold war One Idealistic Conflict Was Who Second World War ( 1945) Of after Start Happened And About 1991 till walked. In this main Form From Two Superpowers Involved were : Joint State America ( USA ) – Capitalist Democracy Of Representation does Was. Soviet Union ( USSR) – Communist Dictatorship Arrangement Of Representation does Was. Although it war Traditional Weapons From No fought gone ( e.g. World war ) , then Too Its Effect World Of every Area In Feel Did Went. 🔹
1. background
Second World war In America And Soviet union Associate There were , but war Of after His economic , political And Ideological Policies each other Of Adverse Were. America wants Was That World In Democracy And Capitalism Spread out while Soviet union Communism To Boost Give wants Was.
2. thinking of Conflict
Aspect Comparison
aspect America ( USA) Soviet Union ( USSR)
Government Democracy one party Dictatorship
economy capitalist Socialist / Communist
Freedom personal Freedom State Of Control
3. Chief Events
World To Two Poles In divide Gave Went : NATO (1949) – United States Of Leadership In capitalist Countries Of Organization. Warsaw Pact (1955) – of the USSR Leadership In Communist Countries Of Organization. Weapons of Competition : Atom Weapons Of Construction And tests Both Countries By. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) of Situation Bunny doing. space Competition : 1957: The USSR Sputnik Launch Did – First artificial Satellite. 1969: USA Apollo 11 Of through human To moon But Sent. direct Proxy Wars : Korean War ( 1950-53) – North ( supported by USSR ) vs. South ( USA supported ) Korea. Vietnam World War ( 1955-75) – USA vs. Communist Answer Vietnam. Afghanistan ( 1979–89) – vs USSR Mujahideen ( USA supported ) . 🔹
4. Chief Principle And Policies
Truman Doctrine (1947) – communism To Preventing Of For American Support. Marshall Plan – War Affected European Countries of Economic Help. Containment Policy – Communism To Spreading From Preventing of strategy.
5. Espionage And technology Competition
CIA (USA) And Main article: KGB (USSR) As Intelligence Organizations of Awesome Activity. Computers , missiles , communications Etcetera Areas In technology Competition.
6. India And Cold war
India by Non-aligned Movement ( NAM) To Adopted – No So America Of with , no only Soviet union Of. Then Too India by Many Affairs In of the USSR with Tactical And technology Collaboration Did.
7. Cold war Of Ending
1980 ‘s decade In Soviet union of Economic Situation Bad being It hurt. Mikel Gorbachev By Glasnost ( openness ) And Perestroika ( restructuring ) Policy Applicable of Went. 1989: Berlin Wall Of Downfall. 1991: The Soviet Union union Of Dissolution And Cold war Of Ending.
8. Effect
global level But : World Two camps In divided remained. developing Countries In Civil War And Instability . Atom Weapons Of Expansion. India But Effect : non-alignment of Policy Adopted. from the USSR protect And technology Collaboration. America From Economic And Political balance Create kept.
9. conclusion
Cold war One Ideological war It was the politics , economy , technology development , military Power And global Strategies To Many Decades till Affected Did. it war This talk Of Proof Is That Conflict Only Weapons From only No , rather Ideologies Of level But Too fought Go Can Is.
Joint State America
1. General Introduction
Capital : Washington D.C. ( Washington , DC ) Government Of Type : Federal Democratic Republic ( Federal Democratic Republic) Head of State : President present President : Who Biden ( until 2025 ) Political Language : Any official Language No , but English Comprehensive Form From prevalent Is. currency : American Dollar ( USD)
2. Geographic Situation
Continent : Answer America Limit Country : Answer In – Canada South In – Mexico East In – The Atlantic ocean West In – Prashant ocean State : Total 50 states ( e.g. California , Texas , New York ) Chief City : New York , Los Angeles , Chicago , Houston , Miami
3. Historical background
Establishment : 4th July on 1776 Freedom of Declaration ( UK From ) Civil War : 1861–65 ( North versus South – slavery Of Issues But ) World Wars In Role : First And Second World war In Breakthrough Role Second World war Of after Superpower Of Form In emerge Cold war In Role : Communism anti global Policy NATO Alliance Of Leadership of the USSR with Competition
4. Economic features
economy : World of To all Big economy GDP: $26 trillion From More ( up to 2024 According ) Chief Area : Technology ( Google, Apple, Microsoft) Finance ( Wall Street, New York Stock Exchange) Agriculture , Automobile , Defence basic Capitalism based economy
5. Political Arrangement
Constitution : Since 1789 Applicable Three Chief Organ : Executive ( President ) The legislature ( Congress – Senate And Representative gathering ) Judiciary ( Supreme court ) Two Chief Political Team : Democratic Party Republican Party
6. Social And Cultural Diversity
Multicultural Society various Breeds And Religion – Christian , Jew , Muslim , Hindu , Buddhist Racial Agitation – citizen rights Movement ( Martin Luther King Jr.) popular Culture In Leading – Hollywood , Music , Fashion , Social Media
7. Science And technology Area In Contribution
NASA – Space Research In Leading Silicon Valley – Technology innovation Of Center Nobel award Winner Scientists of Number In Leading In AI, Quantum Computing, Defense Tech Investment
8. America And India
21st Century In Strategic partner business , defense , science , education And Culture Of Area In Collaboration IT, Medical , Student And Overseas community In Indians of Big Role
9. Challenges
Racial Inequality internal Political Polarization gun violence And Security climate Change International Leadership To Create Keeping of challenge
10. conclusion
Joint State America World of To all Impressive Superpower Is – economic , military , technological And Cultural Vision From. his Democratic organization , innovation of Emotion And global Effect by This Modern World Of Leader made Gave Is.
Soviet union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – USSR) Russian In : Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (CSSR)
Existence
since 1922 Until 1991
1. General Introduction
Capital : Moscow Government Of Type : one party Communist Dictatorship Chief Team : communist Party Off Soviet Union ( CPSU) Political Language : Russian ( Russian), on 15 republics of local Languages Too were currency : Soviet Ruble ( Soviet Ruble)
2. Construction
Founded in : 1922 Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , and Transcaucasian Republic Of Merger From Leadership : vladimir Lenin By of 1917 Bolsheviks Revolution Of after Communist Government of beginning Principle : Marxism – Leninism based Socialism
3. Geographic Expansion
Soviet union World Of To all Big Country Was Area In In this Total 15 Republic Involved They were : Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan And Moldova.
4. Chief Leader
Leader Tenure features vladimir Lenin 1917–1924 Bolsheviks Revolution Of Leader Joseph Stalin 1924–1953 Dictatorship , industrialization , repression Nikita Khrushchev 1953–1964 Cold war , cuba crisis leonid Brezhnev 1964–1982 military expansion , stagnation Mikhail Gorbachev 1985–1991 Reform , openness , dissolution Of Leadership
5. Chief features
Communist Arrangement : Any Personal Property No , production Of Resources But State Of ownership Schematic economy : five year Plans Of under Development All Citizens To Education , health And employment of Guarantee Censorship And Political Repression ( like the KGB Institutions By ) Religion But restrictions And Atheist thinking Of Publicity
6. global Role
Second World war In : hitler Of Against Breakthrough Role war Of after Eastern Europe But Control ❄ ️ Cold In the Cold War : America Of Chief rival Weapons And space of competition Socialism versus Capitalism of Competition Warsaw Pact (1955) And COMECON As Organization space In Contribution : 1957: Sputnik-1 – the first Satellite 1961: Yuri Gagarin – first space Passenger
7. India And Soviet union
India Of with friendly relationship defense , industry , science And Education In Collaboration In 1971 India Of with ” Calmness And Friendship Treaty “ Public Area Of Industries And five year Plans In Guidance
8. Dissolution Of Reason ( 1991)
Economic crisis : Employed economy In Heavy failure Political Dissatisfaction : Republics In Freedom of Demand Glasnost : Political Openness Perestroika : Economic Improvement Nationalism Of Rise – Baltic And Middle Asian Republic apart Happen Want Were In 1991 The Coup Attempt And Ultimately 25th December On 1991 Dissolution
9. Effect And Heritage
Many Independent Nation Existence In came ( like Russia , Ukraine , Kazakhstan Etcetera ) Russia To Soviet union Of Successor Agreed Went Cold war Of Ending America of Sole Superpower Of Form In Situation
10. conclusion
Soviet union 20th Century of To all powerful And Impressive Communist Arrangement Was. it conceptual , technical , and Tactical level But America Of Equivalent It was , but Interiors Discontent And Economic Weakness by This Dismantled Tax Gave. Today Too his Heritage Russia And East Soviet Republics of Politics And Society In seen Caste Is.
Cold war of background To understand Of For Us 20th Century Of Middle In happened Second World War ( 1939–1945) And from that First Of Political And Ideological Contraindications But Attention Give will be.
it war Joint State America ( USA) And Soviet Union ( USSR) Of between was , but really In it Two Ideologies of battle Was – Capitalism versus Communism.
1. Second World war Of after Of landscape :
In WWII America And Soviet union One only Party In were ( of the Axis Powers against , but war End would have only Their Ideological contraindications Exposed yes Went.
Europe And Asia In Power Of balance deteriorate paid was ; old Empire Weak yes already Were.
This Power Of Empty place To Filling Of For America And Both the USSR Attempt to Started.
2. Ideologies Of Conflict :
Subject Comparison
Subject America ( USA) Soviet Union ( USSR)
Politics Democracy Dictatorship Communism
economy Capitalism Socialism
Freedom personal freedom , expression State control , censorship
Religion Religious Freedom Atheism And Religion anti Policy
in Ideologies of clash by World To Two Factions In divide Gave.
3. Europe Of Division – Eastern versus Western Europe :
war Of after Germany To Four Parts In distributed Went to – America , Britain , France And of the USSR between.
Berlin City Too Two Parts In divided – Eastern Berlin ( USSR) And Western Berlin ( USA and Associate ).
The USSR Our Control ones Eastern Europe In Communist Governments Established did , whereby America To ” Red feel the ” Red Scare” Happened.
4. New global Arrangement of Need :
America wants Was That One Generous capitalist World Arrangement Established yes.
Soviet union wants Was That Communism Of Expansion yes And Capitalism To End Did let’s go.
5. Important Events Who background Ready does Are :
1945: Yalta Conference – USA , UK And The USSR war Of after of World of strategy Made it.
1947: Truman Doctrine – America by Communism To Preventing Of For Countries To Economic – military Help Give Start Did.
1948-49: Berlin Berlin Blockade – Soviet union by Western Berlin of supply Stoppage The , America by Airlift Start Did.
1949: NATO ‘s Setting – USA Of Leadership In capitalist Countries Of military Alliance.
1950 ‘s decade From : Weapons And Atom Bomb of spree , espionage , proxy Wars of beginning.
6. conclusion :
Cold war of background In Political distrust , ideological protest , and Second World war Of after global Power balance In shift As Factor Chief Were.
America And Soviet Union , both Own thinking To World But imposing of competition In sounding went , which it words , strategies And Associates Of war become Went – One ” Cold war ”.
2. Ideology of Clash
Cold war Of Original Reason Was – Two Superpowers Of between thinking of collision , that is Joint State America ( USA) And Soviet Union ( USSR) Of Political And Economic Viewpoints In Contradiction.
it clash Only Two Countries Of between No It was , rather Complete World To Two Poles In divide to give gonna Ideological war Was – Capitalism versus Communism.
1. Capitalism versus Communism
Subject Comparison
Subject America ( USA) Soviet Union ( USSR)
Government Arrangement Democracy – Multiparty system , independent Election Dictatorship – one party regime , communist Party Of full Control
Economic Arrangement Capitalism – Private property , free Market , competition communism – state Of control , private Property Forbidden
Freedom personal rights But emphasis – speaking , writing , business to of Freedom State above all , speak And Press of Freedom Limited
Religion Religious Freedom Atheism Of propaganda , religion But restrictions
Society personal Achievements But based classless society , equality But based
America wants Was That Complete World In Democracy And Capitalism spread , while The USSR wanted Was That Complete World In Communism Applicable yes.
2. Ideological clash Of Chief aspect :
Political Approach :
US : Independent elections , human rights Of support , press of Freedom.
USSR: One-party dictatorship , opponents Of Repression , censorship.
Economic Approach :
America : Capitalists Of Leadership , Benefits earn main Objective.
USSR: production And Distribution State Of Hand in , same Salary And Resources Of Division.
global Policy :
America : Communism To Spreading From Preventing Of For Containment Policy.
USSR: Worldwide In laborer Revolution And Communist Governments Of Support.
3. thinking Of According Alliance :
America Of Faction : Western Europe , Canada , Japan , South Korea , Australia ( NATO, SEATO)
of the USSR Faction : Eastern Europe , Cuba , North Korea , Vietnam ( Warsaw Pact)
4. Effect :
around the world In Proxy war ( e.g. Korea , Vietnam , Afghanistan ).
Weapons of spree , special Form From Atom Weapon.
space of Racing – Technical superiority Proven to of Effort.
developing Countries To Our Pale In to of Competition.
5. India Of Approach :
India by Both Ideologies From distance making happened Non-aligned Movement ( NAM) Adopted.
However , India by of the USSR with Strategic Collaboration Create kept.
6. conclusion :
Cold war a ” ideologies Of There was a war , weapons Of No.
It is war well only Real Wars As No It was , but Effect somewhere More deep Were – Political Volatility , Global Division And Psychologist Fear.
it clash Then till Ongoing remained When till Soviet union Of Dissolution No It happened ( in 1991 ).
Cold war of beginning of 1945 after Hui And Until 1991 It went away.
it war Straight war Of instead many Chief events , policies And Proxy Wars Of Channel From fought Went. in Events by World To Many Times war Of Estuaries But la standing Did.
1. Berlin Crisis ( Berlin Crisis) – 1948-49
Event : Soviet union by Western Berlin of supply route Close Tax Gave.
feedback : America by ” Berlin Airlift “ Of Channel From Food And Other Material Airport route From Delivered.
Result : Soviet union To Back shrink Fell.
it Cold war of First Straight clash Was.
2. NATO and Warsaw Warsaw Pact
1949: America by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) of Establishment of – Capitalist Countries Of military Alliance.
1955: Soviet union by Warsaw Pact made – communist Countries Of counter military Organization.
👉 From this World Two clear Factions In divided Went.
3. Korean War ( Korean War) – 1950-53
Answer Korea ( communist , USSR supported ) by South Korea ( capitalist , USA supported ) But assault Did.
America by Joint Nation Of Channel From military Interference Did.
war Without Any Breakthrough Result Of 38th parallel Line But End It happened.
👉 it First Proxy war Was.
4. Weapons of Arms Race
1949: The USSR First Atom Bomb Explosion Did.
Both Countries by Hydrogen Bomb , long distance of Missiles , submarines Etcetera advanced I did.
Situation So much Serious yes Went That Both Party each other To Complete Kind Destroyed Tax Can Were (Mutually Assured Destruction – MAD).
5. space of Space Race
1957: The USSR Sputnik-1 Launch Did – First artificial Satellite.
1961: Yuri Gagarin – first space Passenger ( USSR).
1969: NASA by Neil Armstrong To moon But Wade ( USA ).
👉 technology superiority of spree , nation Proud Of Subject become Went.
6. Cuba Missile Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962
Soviet union by Cuba in ( USA Of near ) atom Missiles Deployed to do Start I did.
America by Marine Corps The siege Tax Gave And Atom war of apprehension become Went.
Result : Tension averted , the USSR Missiles Removed , America by Turkish From Own Missiles I removed it.
👉 it Cold war Of To all Dangerous turn Was.
7. Vietnam War ( Vietnam War) – 1955-75
Answer Vietnam ( USSR supported ) And South Vietnam ( USA supported ) Of between Conflict.
America of Big military presence , but Heavy Oppose And Loss Of after In 1975 America To Back shrink It fell.
👉 it America of First Big Defeat And Insult Of Form In saw Went.
8. Afghanistan War ( 1979–89)
The USSR Afghan Government To Support to give Of For Army Sent.
America by Mujahideen To Weapon And Training by giving Support Gave.
10 Years Of Conflict Of after Soviet union To back Go It fell.
👉 This war by Soviet union of Economic And military Power To Weak Tax Gave.
9. Glasnost And Perestroika ( 1985–91)
Mikhail Gorbachev by Soviet union In Two Chief Policies Applicable did :
Glasnost ( openness ): Expression of Freedom And Transparency
Perestroika ( restructuring ): Economic Improvement And Market of Role
👉 in Policies From Soviet union of Political And Economic Weakness Exposed yes Went.
10. Berlin Wall Of Downfall ( 1989)
Eastern And Western Berlin To apart to wala Wall fell Gave Went.
it Eastern Europe In Communist Government Of Downfall of beginning It was.
👉 Cold war Of symbolic Ending.
11. Soviet union Of Disintegration ( 1991)
15 Republic Independent yes Went.
of the USSR Ending yes Went And Cold war End yes Went.
Conclusion :
Cold war of These Chief Events This talk To reflects Are That it war Only Two Nations of battle No It was , rather World of Direction And Development But deep Effect insert gonna global Conflict Was. it war Ultimately Ideologies of power , people of aspirations , and Economic Abilities Of between balance From fixed Happened.
Cold War Of During World Of Two Poles In Divide
Cold of the war ( 1945–1991) Time World To Two Chief Ideological And Tactical Factions In divide Gave Went Was. it Division Only Political No It was , rather In this economic , military , cultural And Diplomatic level But Too World divided Went Was. This hee ” dipole World system called “(Bipolar World) go Is.
1. Two main Pole :
Party Joint State America ( USA) Soviet Union ( USSR)
thinking Capitalism + Democracy Communism + Dictatorship
Alliance NATO (1949) – capitalist Countries Of military Organization Warsaw Pact (1955) – Communist Countries Of military Organization
Chief Associate Britain , France , Germany ( West ) , Canada , Japan , South Korea , Australia Poland , Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Eastern Germany , Cuba , Vietnam , North Korea
global Policy Communism To Containment Policy Socialism Of Expansion And Capitalism Of Oppose
military Power Modern weapons , nuclear Bomb , Navy And Air Force Heavy Ground military , nuclear Bombs , missiles
space Program NASA ( Moon Mission ) Sputnik, Gagarin ( the first space Passenger )
2. Two Factions of Identification :
America Leadership gonna capitalist Faction ( Western Bloc):
Objective : Democracy And Free Business Of Expansion
Institutions :
NATO
IMF
World Bank
United Nations Impressive Role
Soviet Leadership gonna Communist Faction ( Eastern Bloc):
Objective : Socialist Countries Of construction , capitalist Countries Of Oppose
Institutions :
Warsaw Pact
COMECON
Limited Press , censorship And one party Government
3. Non-aligned Country ( Non-Aligned Movement – NAM):
India , Egypt , Yugoslavia , Indonesia by Any Too Factions In Involved No through One ” third way “ Adopted.
1961 NAM Establishment – Leadership In Pt . Jawaharlal Nehru , Tito And Nasir.
4. Effect :
global level But :
every Country To forced Any No Any Pole Of with Joining Fell.
World In ” Zero Location ” No left Went.
mostly Conflict Proxy Wars Of Channel From fought Went.
India But Effect :
India by Non-aligned Policy adopted , but Communist countries ( especially from the USSR protect And Industrial Collaboration Did.
Conclusion :
Cold war by World To Two Parts In divide Gave – East And West , Socialism And Capitalism , Soviet union And America. it Dipole Arrangement 40 Years till global Politics And Diplomacy of Direction fixed does. In 1991 Soviet union Of Dissolution Of after it Dipole Arrangement End yes Went And America Sole Superpower By becoming Emerged.
Weapons of Competition
Cold war Of To all Dangerous And frightening Aspects In From One Was – Weapons of spree.
it Such Situation Was in which America And Soviet union each other To Back leaving Of For Continuous Fatal And powerful Weapon making Go are were , special Form From Atom Weapon.
1. Definition :
Weapons of competition He Process Was in which Two Or More Nation Own military Power Enhance of Competition In Continuous Weapon advanced Do are , whereby doubt , fear And war of apprehension rising Is.
2. Initial Round :
1945 – America by Hiroshima And Nagasaki But Atom Bomb Dropped.
1949 – Soviet union by Too own First Atom tests Tax took it.
👉 From this Atom Weapons of Race Start yes Went.
3. Chief Stop :
1945 – America Of Atom Bomb
1949 – USSR First Atom tests
1952 – America First Hydrogen Bomb
1953 – USSR First Hydrogen Bomb
1957 – USSR First ICBM
1960s – MAD principle
4. Chief Weapon Systems :
ICBM
SLBM
Strategic Bombers
Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM)
5. Weapon Control Of Attempt :
PTBT – 1963
NPT – 1968
SALT-I & SALT-II – 1972, 1979
START – 1991
6. Effect :
global level But :
Continuous war Of Fear
Humanity Of full Destruction of apprehension
Resources Of militarization
Technology Development
Mental level But :
Nuclear Doomsday Of Fear
Cold war Psychologist war
7. India But Effect :
India 1974 “ Smiling Buddha “ First Atom tests Did.
India by NPT Signature No did.
Conclusion :
Weapons of competition by Cold war To extremely Dangerous made America And Soviet union Of Near So much Atom Weapon Were That They Complete Earth To Many Times Destroyed Tax Can were.
Space competition
Space Space Race Winter war Of One extremely Important And symbolic aspect was.
1. space competition of background :
Germany Of Rocket scientists America And Soviet union Both by taken.
competition mainly 1957–1975.
2. Chief Achievements :
1957 – Sputnik-1
1961 – Yuri Gagarin
1969 – Apollo 11
1971 – Salyut-1
1975 – Apollo–Soyuz Mission
3. technology And Scientist Achievements :
Rocket Technology
Satellites , GPS, Weather Science
human Mission of foundation
4. Strategic And Political Importance :
Scientist superiority
Education And Research In Investment
National Proud
5. NASA and Soviet Space Program:
NASA – Apollo Program
Soviet – Sputnik, Luna, Soyuz
6. India But Effect :
1969 ISRO Establishment
1975 Aryabhata Launch ( USSR Help)
1984 Rakesh Sharma Soviet Collaboration
7. Ending And Collaboration :
1975 Joint Apollo–Soyuz
Cold war End of after ISS Collaboration
Conclusion :
space competition global power , ideological Struggle , and National Pride of competition It was.
Direct War – Cold War Proxy Wars
Cold war Of during America And Soviet union by direct Form From each other Of Against war No did , but They World Of various Parts In ” Proxy Wars Of through Own Power And thinking Of Expansion to of Effort.
Cold war Of Chief Proxy war :
1. Korean War – 1950-1953
Answer Korea – Communist , USSR & China Supported
South Korea – Democratic , USA Supported
1950 Attack on South Korea
1953 ceasefire
2. Vietnam War – 1955-1975
Answer Vietnam – Communist ( USSR + China )
South Vietnam – capitalist ( America )
58,000 American Soldier killed
1975 America Back shrink
3. Afghanistan war – 1979-1989
Afghan Government – Soviet Supported
Mujahideen – America , Pakistan , China Supported
1989 Soviet Back shrink
General symptoms :
local struggle , global Powers Of Competition
Communist vs capitalist
Economic And human loss
Conclusion :
Cold war Of Time fought Went Proxy Wars by global Politics , security And Diplomacy To depth From Affected in.
5. Espionage And Technology Competition
Espionage And Technology Competition
Cold war In America And Soviet union Of between Only Weapons And Wars of Competition No It was , rather One extremely Confidential And Dangerous Area Was – Espionage And technology Competition ( Technological Rivalry) .
it war information , technology , science research , space And Intelligence Activities In Ahead grow of competition Too Was.
1. Espionage
Chief Intelligence Agencies :
Country — agency — Work
America — CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) — Foreigner Espionage , coup plans , secret Campaign
USSR — KGB — domestic And International Espionage , repression , propaganda Policy
Britain — MI6 — America Of with Collaboration
Germany ( East ) — Stasi — World of To all Dangerous And link Supervision agency
Espionage Of Methods :
Dual Agents ( Double Agents)
radio Transmitter , confidential Code
Secret Documents of Theft
Diplomat Cover In Espionage
scientists , politicians And military Officers of Recruitment
Chief Espionage Scandal :
U-2 spying plane Scandal ( 1960):
America Of plane In the USSR caught gone , pilot arrested Happened – Tension extreme But.
Rosenberg case ( 1951):
US In One Scientist couple To to the USSR Atom Technology to give Of For capital punishment found.
Cambridge Five (UK):
British Intelligence agency In Soviet The Spies Of Groups – Decades till Confidential Information leak would have been doing.
2. Technology Technological Rivalry
Cold war Of during Science And Technology Nation Pride And Strategic Edge Of Center become Went.
Chief Area :
1. Space Space Technology :
USSR: first satellite ( Sputnik-1), the first space Passenger ( Yuri Gagarin )
USA: first moon Mission ( Apollo 11)
2. Atom Nuclear Technology :
Hydrogen Bombs , ICBMs, SLBMs
Atom Plants And Missile Security System In Intense Development
3. Supercomputer And Computing :
America In ARPA ( after In of DARPA Establishment
Internet And Computer Technology of foundation This Round In laid Went
4. Espionage Satellite And Supervision System :
of USA Corona Program , of USSR Zenit satellites
World Of Above roaming around Satellites From enemy Activities of Supervision
3. Cyber And Psychological Warfare ( Initial level But )
Information Of propaganda For Radio , magazines And Movies
Voice of America , Radio Free Europe versus Radio Moscow
” Truth And Lie of Fight ” – Public To Mental Form From Affected to of Effort
4. India But Effect :
India by ISRO of Established ( 1969 ) – Soviet Collaboration From Satellite Launch
Raw And I.B. like Agencies Strong happened
Atom Technology And Security System In Investment increased
Espionage activities India – Pakistan – China Reference In Too Active remained
Conclusion :
Espionage And technology Competition by Cold war To One Invisible But extremely Impressive war made Gave Was. it He war Was in which Notifications Weapon There were , and progress , strength of Sign .
in Secret Battles by No Only Cold war of Direction changed , but Modern technology Era of foundation Too kept it.
6. India And Cold War
Cold war of global Politics by India As Newly independent And developing Countries To Too Affected Did. India by Cold war In Any Factions Of Party No Taking ” Non -Aligned ” policy adopted , but Then Too His Foreign Policy , Defense relations , economic Collaboration And Diplomatic Decisions But Cold war Of Effect clean See Go Can Are.
1. India of Non-aligned Policy ( Non-Aligned Movement – NAM)
India Of First Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru by Cold war Of initial days In only it clear Tax Gave That India Any Too Superpower Of military Factions Of Part No will form .
In 1961 Belgrade ( Yugoslavia ) In Non-aligned Agitation of Establishment Hui – India , Egypt ( Nasser ) , Yugoslavia ( Tito ) , Indonesia And Ghana Of Leadership In.
Objective :
Cold war of Superpowers of Political – military tussle From away stay
developing Countries Of Collective Interests of protect to do
World peace , disarmament And Economic Justice To Boost Give
2. Indo – Soviet union relationship
| Area | Description |
| protect | India by from the USSR Mig – 21 Fighter aircraft , tanks , submarines like Technology Took |
| economy | The USSR BHEL , Bhilai , Raipur , Visakhapatnam like Heavy Industrial Projects In Collaboration Gave |
| Politics | In 1971 India – Pakistan war Of Time The USSR India Of Support did ( India – Soviet Friendship Treaty ) |
| Culture | Russian Language , Literature And Scientist Collaboration increased |
Note : India Non-aligned was , but practical Form From Soviet union Of with Strategic Proximity doing.
3. India – America relationship
| Area | Description |
| Political relationship | 1950–60 ‘s decade In Limited stay ; america by Pakistan To More Support Gave |
| Economic Help | PL-480 plan Of under food grains Help found |
| Doubt | India Of Atom The Trial ( 1974 ) after America by Heartburn expressed |
Note : India – America Relations In coolness been , especially Pakistan – USA alliances Of Reason.
4. India But Cold war Of Effect :
Positive :
Both Factions From Economic And technology Help
Non-aligned Agitation Of Leadership From global Prestige
Heavy Industry , Science And protect In Independent Base Of Construction
negative :
Atom Policy But Criticism And restrictions
America And Western Countries From Limited Collaboration
Economic Plans More Socialist became , which after In Constraints became
5. India of Foreign Policy of features :
Peace , Panchasheel Principle And Collaboration But based
Any Factions Of Part No becoming happened Self-reliance of Policy
Similar distance And developing Countries Of Issues But Priority
Conclusion :
India by Cold war In One balanced And Independent Approach adopt Of Attempt did.
where One Side He Both Factions From distance By making non-alignment of Policy adopted , right there Second Side of the USSR with Strategic And protect Collaboration Established Did.
This Policy by India To global stage But One Independent Power Of Form In Established to In Help of , and Him developing Countries Of Spokesperson Too Made.
Cold War Of Ending
Cold the war , which About 45 years ( 1945–1991) till go , without Any formal war Of End Happened. Its Ending Only Two Superpowers Of between clash of termination No It was , rather it Communism of defeat , soviet union Of dissolution , and Dipole World Arrangement Of elimination Of Signal Was.
1. termination Of Chief Reason :
1. Economic Pressure And Soviet union of Weakness :
of the USSR Central Planning Arrangement fail yes Went Was.
Heavy military Expenditure And Afghan war by economy To hollow Tax Gave.
Life level Falls Go remained was , consumer Objects of Heavy Shortage Was.
2. Mikhail Gorbachev of Reformist Policies :
| Policy | Meaning | Objective |
| Glasnost | Openness | Press of freedom , expression of freedom |
| Perestroika | Restructuring | economy In reform , market-oriented Policies |
Result : In Policies From Soviet Citizens In shift of Hope woke up , but Government And Party But From Reliance Breakdown Went.
3. Afghanistan In Failure ( 1979–1989):
10 Years till walked war of the USSR like ” vietnam ” for prove Happened.
thousands Soldier killed gone , heavy Expenditure It happened , and military Power Weak Hui.
4. Eastern Europe In Communist Government Of Downfall :
poland In Article Walesa Of Leadership In ” Solidarity “ Agitation
Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Romania As Countries In Revolutions
public by Communism To Dismissed to do Start Did
5. Berlin Wall Of Fall ( 1989):
9 November On 1989 Eastern Germany of public by Wall Break Gave
it Cold war Of symbolic Ending Was
East And West Germany Of Integration Happened
6. America of Strategic Edge :
America of economy More Strong Was
Regan Administration of military aggressive policies ( Reagan Doctrine, SDI ) Soviet union But Pressure Enhanced
America technology , information And space In Ahead Out Went
2. Soviet union Of Dissolution ( 1991):
In 1991 15 Republic Soviet union From apart yes Went
Mikhail Gorbachev by 25th December On 1991 Resignation Gave
of the USSR end and Cold war Of formal Ending Happened
3. World But Effect :
| Area | Effect |
| Political | Unipolar World – America Sole Superpower become Went |
| military | NATO is created remained , but Warsaw Pact ends yes Went |
| Economic | Eastern Europe In Capitalism And Privatization of beginning |
| Ideological | Communism Of Effect In Heavy Decline |
| India But Effect | of the USSR Dissolution From India To Shock ; America From relationship gradually improved |
Conclusion :
Cold war Of Ending war From No , rather ideological , economic And Social Pressures From happened.
it World Of History In One As such turn It was the international Relations of Direction change Gave.
Now Dipole World of Place Unipolar World Arrangement Of rise Happened — in which America leadership Power become Went.
8. Cold War Of Effect
Cold The war ( 1945–1991 ) World politics , security , society , economy And Science Of About every Area To Affected Did. it war Straight fought No gone , but World Of corners – corners In Its Indirect Indirect Consequences clear Form From See Went.
1. global Political Effect :
Dipole World Arrangement :
Complete World Two Factions In Bunt Went –
One Side capitalist America And His Associate
Second Side Communist Soviet union And His Supporter.
Non-aligned Agitation Of Birth :
India As developing Countries by Factions In Involved being From denied Did.
In 1961 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) of Establishment Hui.
2. military And Security Effect :
Weapons of Competition :
Atom Weapons Of Construction And tests Fast Happened.
World Many Times full Destruction Of Verge till access has been.
military Alliance :
NATO (1949) And Warsaw Pact (1955) As Organization Made.
World In Permanent military Factionalism yes Went.
3. Economic Effect :
Dual Economic Arrangements :
capitalist Block In Free Market , privatization And Multinational Companies Flourished.
Communist Block In centralized Plan based economy.
developing Countries In Investment :
Both Factions by Support to get Of For Asia , Africa And Latin America In Industrial And Agriculture Projects In Investment Did.
4. Social And Cultural Effect :
Publicity Propaganda War :
films , radio , literature And Education Of Channel From Ideological Publicity Did Went.
Science And Education In Investment :
space competition And technology Competition Of Reason STEM Education To Boost found.
5. technology And Scientist Effect :
space technology , satellites , computers , and Atom energy In Fast Progress Hui.
6. Proxy war And Regional Instability :
Korea , Vietnam , Afghanistan , Cuba , Angola As Countries Proxy In War.
Millions people of Life went.
7. India But Effect :
| Positive Effect | negative Effect |
| Non-aligned Agitation In Leadership | Western Countries From distance |
| from the USSR protect And Industrial Collaboration | America From mercantile relationship Limited |
| Space , Science And Heavy Industry In Growth | technology sanctions |
8. Cold war Of Ending Of after Effect :
of the USSR Dissolution → Dipole World End
America Sole Superpower
globalisation , liberalisation , Free Business increased
Conclusion :
Cold war by Calmness of Barricade In World To fear , armament , and Ideological Conflict Of Round In Dip gave.
Cold War Of global level But Effect
1. Dipole World Bipolar World Order
World Two Factions In Bunt Gone.
2. military Factionalism And Security Agreements
NATO (1949), Warsaw Pact (1955)
3. Proxy Wars Of Spread
Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Africa, Latin America
4. Ideological Conflict And Publicity war
Communism versus Capitalism Of Ideological war
5. Atom Weapons And space of competition
space Race , technology Progress
6. Non-aligned Agitation Of rise
NAM Of formation
7. global Development And Scientist Revolution
satellites , computers , science education
8. human rights And Democracy of Discussion
9. Eastern Europe And Soviet Block But Effect
10. Unipolar World Arrangement Of rise
Conclusion :
Cold war by World of Direction change Granted.
Cold war Of India But Effect
Cold war Of In the period ( 1945–1991) India One newly independent , developing And Democratic Nation Was.
1. Non-aligned Non -Aligned Movement (NAM)
India by Any military bloc Part No By becoming Independent And balanced Foreign Policy Adopted.
2. Indo – Soviet Union ( USSR) relations
| Area | Effect |
| protect | MiG Aircraft , T-72 tanks , submarines |
| Industrial Collaboration | Bhilai steel Plant , BHEL , HAL As elder Projects |
| Diplomatic | 1971 India – Pakistan war In Soviet Support |
| space | 1975 Aryabhata Satellite Launch |
3. India – America relationship
4. protect And Security Policy But Effect
5. Science And technology Development
6. internal Politics But Effect
7. Cold war Of Ending Of Impact ( 1991 ) after )
Conclusion :
Cold war Of India But Effect Straight And Indirect Both Forms In Comprehensive.