Geopolitics​

1. Introduction​​

Geopolitics 2​​ words From together made Is — ” Ghu ” means ” Earth ” or ” Geographical” Status ” and ” Politics ” i.e. ” Power And Power of Arrangement ” . Easy words in , Geopolitics He Study Is in which it Analysis Did go Is That Any  Nation of Geographic condition , natural Resources , Neighbors Countries From relations , strategic Power Etcetera His global strategy And Foreign Policy To How Affected Do Are. it International Politics , Military strategy , diplomacy , energy Policy And mercantile Interests To depth From connects Is.

2. Geopolitics Of Historical Historical Perspective of Geopolitics

A. Ancient period In

• China , India , Egypt And Rome like Ancient Civilizations of Expansion Policy Geographic Resources And Tactical Situations From Inspired Was.
• Chanakya Of Economics In Too geopolitical Idea See Go Can are , where Neighbour States From Relations But intense Approach Gave Went Is.

B. modern Era In

• 19th​ Century In Geopolitics One formal Study Of Form In emerged.
• Sir Halford Mackinder of Heartland Theory And Nicholas Spikeman of Rimland Theory like Concepts Chief remained.
• Colonialism , two World Wars And Cold war Of during Geopolitics Of Form Continuous Revenge.

3. Geopolitics Of Chief Key Elements of Geopolitics

4. Contemporary geopolitical Contemporary Geopolitical Landscape

A. America versus China

• Business War , South China Sea In Tension , Taiwan Of Issue.
• technology dominance of Competition ( Huawei, TikTok vs. Silicon Valley) .
• Indo – Pacific In Strategy ( Indo-Pacific Strategy) India of Role.

B. Russia – Ukraine war

• Europe of energy Security But crisis.
• of NATO​​ Expansion And Russia of feedback.
• global Food And Oil Prices But Impact.

C.India​ of Geopolitics

• ‘ Dictator from the power of ‘ global become a leader of Side.
• ‘ Act East ‘ policy , BRICS, QUAD, SCO Active Partnership.
• China From At the LAC Tension And Pakistan Of with Strategic balance.
• Afghanistan , Iran And Middle Asia Of with Geostrategic​​ Collaboration.

5. Energy And Water of Geopolitics of Energy and Water

Energy​ resources

• Middle East Of Oil Area.
• Russia From Europe of Gas Dependency.
• India – Iran – Chabahar Port.
• China of ” belt End road Initiative ( BRI)” .

B. Water resources

• India – Pakistan : Indus Water Treaty.
• Egypt – Ethiopia : Nile River Controversy.
• China By brahmaputra But Dam Construction
• climate Change Of Reason New geopolitical Challenges.

6. New geopolitical Challenges ( Emerging Geopolitical Challenges)

• Cyber war And data of Politics
• space of Space Race​
• climate Change And Arctic of New boundaries
• Illegal Migration And border security​ Controversy
• artificial intelligence And Digital dominance

7. India Of Reference In Geopolitics in Indian Context

8. Conclusion​​

Geopolitics Only powerful Countries Of game No it is , rather it every Nation of security , economic Interests And global Identification From attached Hui Is. India As developing And Emerging Countries Of For it Necessary Is That He Own geo – economic , geo – strategic And Diplomatic Policies To balanced keeping happened global stage But Impressive Role Fulfill it. to come ones Decades In Geopolitics Of Form Technical , Climate And Digital Area In And Too More depth From emerge from Front will come.

1. Introduction to Geopolitics

Geopolitics is​​ Study Is in which it Analysis Did go Is That Any  Country of Geographic condition , natural Resources , Military Capacity , and Diplomat relationship His internal And External Policies To How Affected Do Are. it Subject Only Limitations And Maps till Limited No it is , rather In this power , resources But Control , Marine Routes of security , energy supplies , and global Alliances of Complexity Involved would have been Is.

Geopolitics Of Original Objective it Understand Would Is That What Country To What Area in , when , and Why Benefit Or hazard yes Can Is . Example Of For , the middle East Of Oil Storey , South China Sea of Marine Boundaries , Arctic Area of Ice Of Below hidden resources – These All global Powers Of For Strategic Form From extremely Important Are.

Today Of Globalization Of Era in , where One Country of Policy Whole World To Affected Tax can geopolitics​​ of Role And Too More Important yes Went Is. it international relations , economic competition , military strategy , and Diplomatic Negotiations of foundation become chuki Is.

In conclusion , geopolitics Only Countries Of between Power Conflict No it is , rather it That balance Of Study Is Who World To steady Or Unstable made Can Is.

2. Geopolitics Of Historical Perspective

Geopolitics Of History human Civilization As much only Old Is. Ancient Empires From taking Modern global Superpowers To , countries of Foreign Policy And military strategy always His Geographic the situation , resources , and Neighbour Countries From Affected would have been doing Is. Geopolitics Of Historical Development To Three main Stages In understood Go Can Is :

A. Ancient period In Geopolitics

• India : Chanakya Of Economics In geopolitical Principle clear Form From See Go Can Are. He said ” Mandala ” theory ” gave in which Neighbour States Of with Relations To Tactical Approach From saw Went.
• China : Listen Tzu of The Art of War One Strategic Texts is , in which Geo – location , weather , military of Situation Etcetera To Attention In keeping happened war Policy fixed to of talk somewhere Went Is.
• Rome And Greece : Sea route , trade Reach And Army of Situation Of Base But Empire Expansion Happened. Greece And Persia Of between Wars In Geopolitics clear Form From appear gives Is.

B. Medieval Era

• Islamic Empire And Christian The Crusades Of between West Asia In happened Conflict Too Religious Of together​​ Geostrategic​​ Approach From Inspired Were.
• Mongols Empire by Asia And Europe till Expansion Geo – Location And military strategy Of Effect From Did.
• India In Mughals Empire of Establishment And South of Side Expansion Too geopolitical Reasons But based Was – As Ganges Of Field of Fertility , South India Of Marine the route , and fortified cities of Situation

C. Colonial And Modern period In Geopolitics

• Colonial era ( 15th – 19th​ Century ): European powers ( Britain , France , Portugal , Spain )​ Asia , Africa And America In Colonization Established did — mainly Marine routes , trade Centers And Mineral Resources of Strategic Situation Of Reason.
• 19th​ Century In Geopolitics Of formal Origin :
  • Sir Halford Mackinder of Heartland Theory (1904):
    He Said That ” Who Euro – Asian On the Heartland​​​ Control will do the same World But Government He will do it. “
  • Nicholas Spikeman of Rimland Theory :
    He onshore to the regions ( Rimland) Control Of Center Agreed , which Asia , Europe And Africa To adding Are.

D. 20th Century : Cold war And global Polarization

• Cold War ( Cold War): America And Soviet union Of between Power Conflict by global Geopolitics To change Put. Both by Your own​ Effect Area Created , and Geopolitical​​ Tension To Afghanistan , Vietnam , Korea , Cuba Etcetera In saw Went.
• NATO​​ And Warsaw Warsaw Pact​ As military Alliance This  period of donation Are.
• India by Non-aligned Agitation Of Leadership Do happened balance of Role Played it.

E.21st​ Century of beginning

• Oil And energy based Geopolitics : Gulf countries , iran , russia And Venezuela As Countries of Role increased.
• Terrorism And Security Policy : 9/11 after America of strategy change went , and Middle East In military Interference Quick happened.
• China Of rise And Indo – Pacific Area Geopolitics Of New Center become Went.

conclusion

Geopolitics Of Historical Development it shows Is That What Type human History In Geography , Resources And Power Of Mutual relationship Nations Of Regeneration And Downfall To Affected does remained Is. Ancient From taking Modern period Tak , Geopolitics by World Of Political Maps To size to give In Central Role played Is.

A. Ancient Period In Geopolitics

Geopolitics Of Idea well only Modern vocabulary In New seems Would yes , but Its Existence Ancient Civilizations In Too clear Form From appear gives Is. That Time of Tactical Strategies , Empires Expansion of plans , and Diplomat Policies – All Geographic Circumstances But based would have been Were. Come See That Ancient period In Geopolitics How Work does Was :

1. India In Geopolitics – Chanakya And Board Principle

• Chanakya ( Kautilya ) by Economics in ” Board ” theory ” propounded did , which State Of Neighbour States Of with Relations But based Was.
• Their According :
  • Neighbour State naturally enemy Would Is.
  • enemy Of enemy friends Would Is.
  • Diplomat alliance , war And espionage geopolitical strategy Of Organ Were.
• it Principle Today Of Strategic Strategic Balance​ of concept From Match Account Is.

2. China – ‘The Art of War’ and Tactical Geography

• Listen Sun Tzu​ of Book The Art of War In Geographic Circumstances To war of Success Of For extremely Important told Went Is.
• In this Mention Is :
  • high place But staying Enemy But Control to get.
  • river , forest , mountain Etcetera Of Tactical Use to do.
  • Enemy of Geo location​ Of assessment Tax First strategy fixed to do.

3. Egypt , Mesopotamia And Greece of Tactical Policy

• Egypt of Civilization Indigo River Of shore advanced Hui. This River Of Water resources And transportation Routes by Empire To Prosperous And Safe Create kept.
• Mesopotamia In Tigris And Euphrates Rivers by Agriculture And Business In Tactical Importance I fulfilled it.
• Greece of Geographic location ( mountainous Area And Sea coast )​ This Independent In City States​​​ Divided kept , which athens And Sparta As powerful Political Center Emerged.

4. Rome Empire – Expansion of Geopolitical​​ strategy

• Rome Empire by Our military Expansion To Marine business , strategic Forts And Streets Of Channel From Geographic Vision From well built Did.
• Mediterranean Sea To They ” killed Nostrum ” ( our said the sea , which His Marine Corps And mercantile Power Of Center Was.
• They Limitations To Strong to Of For hills , rivers And walls ( e.g. Hadrian of wall ) Use Did.

5. India Of Mahajanapadas And Geo – strategic Competition

• 16 Mahajanapadas In Magadha , Kosala , Vatsa Etcetera of Power His Geographic Situation But dependent Was.
  • Magadha To Ganges Of Plains Area , iron Of stores , and Hill Security Of Benefit Was.
  • This Geo – strategic Benefit Of Reason He Other Mahajanapadas But Victory get Tax could.

conclusion :

Ancient period In Geopolitics Of Form well only Today of Kind formal No It was , but Kings , Commanders And Diplomats By Geography , Resources And Neighbors of Situation To Attention In By placing Policies Make One well planned geopolitical Approach Was. This only legacy Ahead by walking Modern Geopolitics Of Base Bunny.

B. Modern Era In Geopolitics

Modern Era In Geopolitics One formal And Analytical Study Of Form In Front came , in which Geography , Military Power And global Politics Of deep synergy Established Did Went. it He Round Was When European Colonial powers , global military Coalition , and Strategic Principle World To Affected to Started.

1. Colonial Geopolitics ( Colonial Geopolitics)

• 15th​ From 19th​ Century Of between European Countries by Geographic Discoveries Of Channel From Asia , Africa And America In Colonization Make it.
• Britain , France , Portugal , Spain , Netherlands Etcetera Countries by Marine routes , trade Bases And Resources Of Control Of For Competition of.
• Geo – strategic Reasons From Port cities ( e.g. Mumbai , Kolkata , Cape Town , Singapore ) Capture Did Went.
• India , Africa , China And Latin America Colonial Conflict Of Center Made.

2. Geopolitics Of Theoretical Development

(i) Heartland Theory – Sir Halford Mackinder ( 1904)

• They Eurasia ” heart of ” Heartland “​ World But Control Of Center told.
• their Famous statement :

“Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland ;
Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island;Who rules the World-Island commands the World.”

• They Russia And Middle Asia To geopolitical Vision From extremely Important told.

(ii) Rimland Theory – Nicholas Spikeman

• Spikeman by Said That Coastal Region ( Rimland) Of Control More Breakthrough Is.
• This Principle by America of containment policy ( Soviet union To encircle of policy ) to Direction Gave.

3. First And Second World war of Geopolitics

• First World War ( 1914–18) In European Empire geo – resources And Power balance Of For war In Got down.
• Second World War ( 1939–45) In Germany ( Hitler ) , Japan And Italy of expansionist Policy Geostrategic​​ Aspirations But based Was.
  • Example : Germany Of Lebensraum principle​ — Eastern Europe In Expansion.
  • Japan Of Asia In Resources But Control of Policy.

4. Cold war Period ( Cold War Geopolitics)

• Second World war Of after Two Superpowers emerged :
  • America ( Capitalist )
  • Soviet Union ( Communist )
• it Era geopolitical Blocks Of Time Was :
  • NATO​​ versus Warsaw Warsaw Pact​
  • South Asia , Africa , and Latin America To Strategic Pieces Of Form In Use Did Gaya ( e.g .: Vietnam war , afghanistan war ) .
• Space Race , Nuclear Race , and Espionage Mechanism Too Geopolitics Of Part become Went.

5. India of Role – Non-aligned Agitation

• India by Cold war period In Non-aligned Movement ( NAM) Of Leadership Did.
• He Both Superpowers From distance By making Independent Foreign Policy Adopted.
• Its inspite of India by geopolitical Circumstances In Strategic balance Create kept – As :
  • Soviet union From protect Collaboration
  • America From Economic Help
  • Neighbour Countries Of with Diplomatic engagement

6. West Asia And energy of Geopolitics

• Oil​​ And Natural Gas As Resources by West Asia To Strategic Vision From extremely important made Gave.
• OPEC Countries by global Oil Value fixed to In Role Played it.
• America , Russia , China As Country This Area In military bases And Tactical relationship Established to In started are.

conclusion :

Modern Era In Geopolitics by international Politics , Global Wars And Diplomacy To New Direction Gave. principles , strategies And Alliances Of Base But Countries by Our Security interest , economic Benefits , and global dominance To Ahead Enhance Of Attempt Did. it Era Geopolitics To One duly ethology Of Form In Established to Of Era Was.

3. Geopolitics Of Chief Element

Geopolitics Any  Nation of Power And global Situation To understand Of For Many Elements Of Coordinated Analysis does Is. These Element Any  Country of Geographic status , military power , resources , and Diplomatic Relations From taking Economic Strength And technology dominance till Spread would have Are. Below Geopolitics Of Chief Elements Of Description Presented Is :

1. Geographic Location ( Geographical Location)

• it To all Original And Impressive Element Is.
• One Country of Status – Whether He mountain , plain , sea Coastal Or insular yes – His Strategic Situation To fixed does Is.
• Example :
  • India – Himalayas And Hind ocean Of between located , strategic Vision From extremely Important
  • Suez Canal , Malacca Strait , Panama Canal – Strategic mercantile And military route.

2. Natural Natural Resources​

• Energy , Water , Minerals , Agriculture land Etcetera Any  Country of Power And Self-reliance Of Base would have Are.
• Example :
  • Saudi Arab And Russia – Oil And Gas Of store Of Reason Strategic Form From Powerful.
  • Africa – minerals of plenty , but Political instability Of Reason Resources Of Correct Harness No.

3. Military Power And Tactical Position ( Military Strength and Strategic Position)

• military Capacity , Nuclear weapons , military of Deployment And Geostrategic​​ bases Any  Country of geopolitical Strength To Boosting Are.
• Example :
  • America – Worldwide In military Bases Of Through Impressive.
  • India – Andaman & Nicobar From taking Ladakh till Strategic Situation Strong Tax remained Is.
  • China – South China Sea In artificial island By making military Expansion.

4. Diplomatic relationship And Diplomatic Relations and Alliances

• Countries Of between Mutual treaties , strategic participation , and Organizational Membership His global Situation To Affected does Is.
• Example :
  • NATO, QUAD, SCO, BRICS As Group.
  • India – USA protect Partnership , India – Russia Traditional relationship .

5. Economic Power And Business Policy ( Economic Power and Trade Policy)

• Strong economy global Decisions In Partnership To Increasingly Is.
• mercantile route , global Investment , FDI and Production Capabilities In this Involved Are.
• Example :
  • China – Global Manufacturing Centre , BRI Channel From mercantile Effect.
  • Germany And Japan – Economic super powers , even only military Power Limited yes.

6. Technical And Scientist Technological and Scientific Dominance

• Today Of Era In Data , Cyber security , artificial Intelligence ( AI), and space Research Geopolitics Of New Dimensions become Went Are.
• Example :
  • America And China In Technology based geopolitical Competition.
  • ISRO And SpaceX As Institutions of Role space Diplomacy In.

7. Population And Demographic Factors ( Population and Demographics)

• Big And Youth population Manufacturer Power Of Form In Work comes It is , but imbalance internal instability Too la Can Is.
• Example :
  • India – Huge Youth population , global Labor Power Becoming of Possibility.
  • Europe And Japan – Older would have been population , economic Burden And Labor crisis.

8. Cultural And Ideological Cultural and Ideological Influence

• soft Power (Soft Power) such as — culture , language , films , education , and thinking Too Geopolitics In Important Role fulfilling Are.
• Example :
  • America – Hollywood , Universities , Democracy Of Publicity.
  • India – Yoga , Ayurveda , Bollywood And Civilizational Effect.

conclusion

Geopolitics Of These Chief Element Any  Country of internal sustainability , global effects , and Strategic Direction fixed Do Are. Any  One Element of Shortage To Others Element From Complete Did Go Can It is , but balanced And Multifunctional Approach only Any  Nation To Empowered And Impressive makes Is.

4. Contemporary geopolitical landscape

21st​ Century Of First Two Decades In World Politics Of Form Complete Kind change Went Is. Now Only military Power No , rather technology , energy , data , and climate Change As Element Too Geopolitics Of Integrals Part become Went Are. Today of Geopolitics is multipolar​​ Go doing is Where​ Many Powers Different​​ Areas In own Domination Established to In started Are.

A. America versus China – Power balance of New Race

• China Of Economic And military rise 21st​ Century of To all Important geopolitical Event Is.
• America , which Now till undisputed global Power was , now China of challenge Of confront Tax remained Is.

Chief Issues :

• South China Sea In China By artificial island By making Soldier bases Established to do.
• Taiwan But China Of Claim And America of military And Political Help.
• Business war And technology Competition (Huawei, TikTok, Semiconductor Chips) .
• Indo-Pacific strategy , which India , Japan , Australia And America Collaboration Tax are ( QUAD alliance ) .​

B. Russia – Ukraine war – Europe of Geopolitics​​ Of Revival

• February in 2022 Russia By Ukraine But Attack Of after Europe In Geopolitical​​ crisis deep Went.
• it Conflict Only Two Countries Of No , rather Russia versus NATO and Western Powers Of between Power tests become Went.

Effect :

• energy Crisis – Europe of Gas supply Affected
• Food Crisis – Ukraine global Wheat supply Of One Big Source Was.
• NATO ‘s Expansion – Finland And Sweden As Country Member Made.
• New Cold War – C Location – United States And Russia Of between Tension Then From extreme But.

C.India​ of geopolitical Situation – Emerging global Power

India Today One balanced geopolitical Player Of Form In Emergence remained is , which Any  One Pole In to tie up Of instead Multilateral Partnership To Priority gives Is.

Chief aspect :

• QUAD And Indo-Pacific strategy In Active Role.
• Russia From traditional military relationship And America From Defence – Technical Partnership .
• China From At the LAC tense , strong valley like Events India of Limit Security Policy To Affected Tax doing Are.
• Chabahar Port And INSTC Corridor Of Through Middle Asia till access.
• global South ( Global South) of Sound By becoming emerge.

D. West Asia of Geopolitics – Oil , Islam And Power balance

• Saudi Arab And Iran Of between Domination of battle Now Diplomatic Negotiations of Side increase doing is ( China) of Mediation From agreement ) .
• Israel – Palestine conflict , yemen war , syria crisis Etcetera by Area To Unstable Create kept Is.
• America Of Effect gradually​​ Less yes remained is , right there China And Russia of interference increase doing Is.
• Abraham Agreements Of under israel And Some? Arab Countries Of between General Diplomatic relationship.

E. Africa – Resources of competition

• Africa In minerals , oil , gas And Agriculture land To taking China , America , Russia , European union of Competition Ongoing Is.
• China Of BRI (Belt and Road Initiative) Africa In elder Basic Framework Projects Of Channel From Effect increased remained Is.
• military Coup , internal Struggle , and Foreigner military Bases by Africa To geopolitical Laboratory made Gave Is.

F. Arctic And climate Change of Geopolitics

• Arctic of Ice Melting From New Marine route open are Are And oil Gas​ Of store till Reach become doing Is.
• Russia , America , Canada , China This Area In military And Scientist bases Established Tax are Are.
• climate Change From Yield crisis Now security , migration And resources Of New geopolitical Issues become Went Are.

G. Cyber And technology Geopolitics

• data And Internet Control Now New Round of Power Is.
• America And China Of between AI, 5G, Quantum Computing In Competition.
• Cyber war , hacking , digital sovereignty As Issues National Security Of Part become already Are.
• India by Too data Protection Bill , Digital India , and Semiconductor Mission Of through In this step Enhanced Is.

conclusion :

Contemporary Geopolitics multi-layered , complex And dynamic yes Went Is. Now it Only military Or Geography based No remained , rather In this technology , climate , energy , population , and Culture Too Breakthrough Role fulfill are Are. India As Countries Of For it Time Is That They balance , strategy And Leadership Of with World stage But Own Role To Strong Do it.

A. America Versus China – Power balance of New Race

21st​ Century of To all Important geopolitical Competition America And China Of between seen Go doing Is. it Only Two Countries Of between Power Conflict No it is , rather Whole World of Diplomatic direction , business arrangement , technical Future And military balance To Affected Tax remained Is. America Where Decades From Sole Superpower remained is , right there China speed From global Power Of Form In Emergence remained Is And various Areas In America To challenge Give remained Is.

1. Strategic clash Of Area

i. South China South China Sea

• China This Area In artificial island By making military bases Established Tax remained Is.
• US Shipping​ of ” Freedom of Navigation” Principle Of under Our Warship There sends Is.
• Philippines , Vietnam , Malaysia As Country Too This Marine Area But Claim Do Are.

Taiwan​ Issue

• China Taiwan To Our ” inseparable part ” considers Is And again Integration of talk does Is.
• America Taiwan To military Weapon Sells Is And Indirect Support gives Is.
• in 2022 American Representative gathering of chairman Nancy Pelosi of Taiwan Travel Of after China by military Practice Quick Tax Given.

Technical​ Competition

• Huawei, TikTok, ZTE like Sugar Companies But America by Security Reasons From restrictions Apply.
• America by China of Advanced Chip semiconductors​​​ Preventing Of For export Control Applicable did.
• artificial Intelligence ( AI), 5G, Quantum Computing and Cyber Security In Both Countries In competition Ongoing Is.

Global​ Alliance And Diplomacy

• America Indo-Pacific region In QUAD ( India , America , Japan , Australia ) Of Channel From China To balanced to of Effort Tax remained Is.
• China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Of Channel From Asia , Africa And Europe In Connectivity And Business Of network made remained Is.

2. Economic And mercantile Conflict

Business​ Trade War​

• Since 2018 Start Happened US – China Business war Both Countries Of between import – export But Heavy levying tariffs​​ Of Reason Made.
• America by Sugar Objects But Billions Dollar Of Tariff put it on , and China by counter Tax Apply.

ii. Supply Chain And D – Risking

• America Now China But Dependency Less to Of For Supply Chain Diversification of Policy own remained Is.
• “China + 1” strategy Of under India , Vietnam And Other Countries To Option Of Form In saw Go remained Is.

3. Military Competition And Weapons of Race

• China Continuous Our protect Budget To increased remained Having more​ PLA Navy (People’s Liberation Army Navy) now World of To all Big Navy become chuki Is.
• America Of Indo – Pacific Area In AUKUS (Australia-UK-US Defence coalition ) and QUAD Of through Tactical Effect Increase.
• space Area In Too Competition — China Of Tiangong Space Station and America Of Artemis Mission .

4. Effects And Option – India And World Of For

• India Of For it Competition Caution And balance of demand does Is.
  • America Of with Strategic Partnership And protect Collaboration Increase.
  • China Of with Limit Tension Of inspite of Economic Relationships To Managed to do.
• South Asia , Africa And Latin America As Areas In it Competition developing Countries Of For opportunity And challenge Both taking comes Is.

conclusion :

America And China Of between Ambulatory doing geopolitical Competition Future of global Arrangement To size will give. it clash Only Two Countries Of between No it is , rather it Democracy versus totalitarianism , free Business versus State – controlled the economy , and Technology In Domination As basic Conflicts Of Representation does Is. World Of Other Countries Of For This clash In balance Create Keep only To all Big strategy becoming Go remained Is.

B. Russia – Ukraine War – 21st Century of Breakthrough Geopolitical Event

Russia – Ukraine War (2022 – present ) 21st Century of To all Serious And Comprehensive Effect wala geopolitical Event become chuki Is. it Only Two Countries Of between military Conflict No it is , rather In this Involved Are — NATO And Western Country , Russia of Regional aspirations , energy Politics , and global Power balance . This war by World throughout of economies , food supplies , and energy Market To Affected Did Is.

1. War of background

Historical​ Tension

• Ukraine In 1991 Soviet union Of Dissolution Of after Independent Happened.
• Russia Ukraine To Our Tactical Effect In the sphere of influence agrees Is.
• in 2014 Russia by Ukraine Of Crimea Peninsula But Capture Tax taken , from which Western Countries And Russia Of Relations In Tension increase Went.

NATO​ Expansion Of Issue

• Russia NATO Of East of Side Expansion To Straight hazard agrees Is.
• Ukraine of NATO In potential Membership Russia Of For ” red It was the line ” .
• America And European Country Ukraine To Support giving are.

2. In 2022 war of beginning

• 24th February 2022 To Russia by Ukraine But full measures But military Attack Did.
• war Of Initial phase In Russia by Capital Kyiv But Capture to of Effort of , but Failed remained.
• Ukraine by US , UK , European union And Other Countries From military And Economic Help get of.

3. Chief Strategic Dimensions

i. Military Front

• Russia by Eastern And Southern Ukraine Of on the regions ( Donetsk , Luhansk , Kherson , Zaporizhzhia ) Capture Did Or Capture to Of Attempt Did.
• Ukraine by Many Areas To again get did , especially Kharkiv And Kherson .

ii. Cyber war And Information war

• Russia by Ukrainian Digital network But Cyber Attacks did.
• Both Sides by Propaganda , Social Media And Information war Of fiercely Use Did.

Atom​ hazard

• Russia by Many Times Indirect Form From Atom Weapons Of Use of alert given , by which global Worry increased.

4. Global Effect

Energy​ crisis

• Russia Europe To Gas And Oil Of Chief Supplier Was.
• war Of Reason Europe To energy crisis Of confront to do Fell.
• Germany , France And Other Countries by optional energy Sources of Side Attention Give Start Did.

Food​ supply In obstacle

• Ukraine To ” Europe Of Food called the ” breadbasket of Europe” go Is.
• wheat , corn , sunflower Oil Etcetera of supply interrupted being From global Food crisis Deepened.
• Africa And West Asia Of Many Country From this Affected happened.

Refugees​ crisis

• Millions Ukrainian Citizens To war From running away Europe Of various Countries In asylum Lenny Fell.
• it European Countries Of For Social And Economic challenge become Went.

Global​ Polarization

• One Side America , European Union , Britain , Japan by Ukraine Of Support Did.
• Second Side Russia , and indirect Form From China And Iran by Western Policy Of Oppose Did.
• India by balanced Stance Adopted — armistice of Appeal Do happened Russia Of with relationship Create kept.

5. India Of Approach

• India by Russia And Ukraine Both From good relationship Create keep it.
• Joint Nation In India by Voting From Many Times distance made , but armistice And Dialogue of Need But Force Gave.
• India by human aid , operation Ganga ( students of return ) like Initiative I did.
• Russia From Oil of Purchase by increasing energy crisis Of between National Interests To Priority Gave.

6. Long term Effect

• NATO of Role Then From Strong Hui there are ; many country ( e.g. Finland ) new Member Made.
• Russia of global image And Economic Situation To Heavy Loss arrived Is.
• Ukraine To Heavy people And Wealth Loss It happened , but He National Unity And sovereignty Of Adventure Display Did.
• geopolitical Map change remained is – now global Power structure And Alliances of Direction New Form In Emergence doing Is.

conclusion :

Russia – Ukraine war by it clear Tax Gave Is That 21st​ Century In Too Geographic Ambition , Military Power And Strategic Control global Stability To Dissolve Tax Can Are. it Conflict Only Europe Of No , rather Whole World of Economy , Politics And Security Of Part become paid India
​ As Countries Of For it Necessary Is That They Diplomatic balance , strategy autonomy , and global Dialogue Of Channel From Calmness And Stability of Direction In Contribution Do it.

C.India​ of Geopolitics

India 21st​ Century of World Politics In One Emerging Hui Superpower Of Form In speed From Ahead increase remained Is. his Geographic status , population , economy Capacity , Military Strength And Diplomat Policy This global Geopolitics In One Important Player making Are. India Today No Only South Asia Of Leadership Tax remained it is , rather Indo – Pacific , Central Asia , and Africa till Own Reach Strong Tax remained Is.

1. Strategic Geographic Situation

• India Asia Of Center In Located Is – Himalaya of Security , India ocean of Strategic hold , and China – Pak Limit Of Tactical Pressure This One Active geopolitical Player making Are.
• Hind ocean Region ( IOR) In India of Situation Marine trade , naval dominance And energy supply of Vision From Important Is.
• Andaman – Nicobar island Group From Malacca Strait till India of Tactical grasp Regional Stability Of Base become doing Is.

2. Chief geopolitical Challenges

China​ Of with Limit Controversy

• LAC (Line of Actual Control) But Frequently​​ stress , especially Galwan valley Sangharsh ( 2020) Of after military Preparations increased.
• India by Infrastructure construction ( roads , airports straps ) fast Did Is.
• China Of The BRI Project Of competition India by Chabahar Port , INSTC Corridor As Option Create Are.

Pakistan​ And Terrorism

• Kashmir issue , limit cross terrorism , and along the LoC Conflict Indo – Pak Of Relations In Obstacle Are.
• India by Surgical Strike And Air Strike As aggressive Options To Too Adopted Is.

Afghanistan​ of instability

• Taliban of Return by India of Security Concerns To Increased.
• India by Afghanistan In Reconstruction Projects And human Help Of Channel From Positive Role Played it.

3. India of Strategic Partnerships

America​ And Western Country

• India – USA 2+2 dialogue , COMCASA , BECA , QUAD , and I2U2 As Forums From India of Strategic depth increased Is.
• America From protect technology , intelligence Partnership And Indo – Pacific Collaboration India To Strength giving Are.

Russia​ Of with Traditional relationship

• India Russia Of To all Big protect Buyer remained Is — S-400 missile , BrahMos missiles , and protect Devices In Partnership.
• Russia – Ukraine war Of during India by neutral And balanced Stance adopted , which Strategic Freedom Bunny doing.

middle​ Asia And West Asia

• Chabahar Port Of Channel From India To Iran – Afghanistan – Central Asia till access Mill doing Is.
• India – Saudi Arab – UAE As Countries Of with energy And Investment Partnership Strong yes doing Is.

iv. Indo – Pacific And asean

• India by ” Act East Policy “ Of under South – East Asia In Strategic Contact Enhanced Is.
• QUAD Of through Japan , Australia And America Of with Marine Collaboration increase remained Is.

4. India of soft Power And global Leadership

• Joint Nation Security council In Permanent Membership of Claim.
• G20 Presidency , International Solar Alliance , Yoga Diplomacy , Digital Public Infrastructure As Efforts Of Channel From India Of global Effect increase remained Is.
• Global South of Sound By becoming India by developing Countries Of Leadership Did Is.

5. Emerging Challenges And opportunity

Climate​ And Water Security

• Glaciers Of thaw , monsoon In instability , and River Water Controversy India of internal And external strategy To Affected Tax are Are.

ii. Cyber Security And data Geopolitics

• India To Digital attack , data Security And technology Self-reliance As Issues Of confront to do fall remained Is.

iii. borderline Countries In China of Penetration

• Nepal , Sri Lanka , Maldives And Bangladesh In China of Investment And Projects From Strategic balance deteriorate Can Is.
• India by Neighbourhood First And SAGAR Policy From Regional Relations To again Empowered Did Is.

conclusion :

India of Geopolitics balance , autonomy And Active Partnership But based Is. it Only Regional Strength No , rather global Decision Process In Partners Becoming of Direction In marching forward Is. changing global landscape In India of Strategic Discreet , soft Power , and Multilateral Diplomacy only His Real Power Is.

5. Energy And Water of Geopolitics

21st​ Century of Geopolitics In Energy​​ And Water​​ Two This way resources Are Who No Only Countries of Economic Stability And everyday of needs From Connected are , rather Their Control To taking international stress , strategic competition , and military clash Too Birth Take are Are. in Resources of Limited Availability And rising demand Of Reason global Powers Now These Strategic Property of Kind See doing Are.

🔹 A. Energy of Geopolitics of Energy

1. Oil And Gas Of global Importance

• Oil And Gas Today Too World of energy needs Of by 60% More Part Complete Do Are.
• Gin Countries Of Near energy Resources Of store yes , they geopolitical Vision From More Impressive Meaning go Are.

2. Energy – rich Areas Of Example :

• West Asia ( Middle East): Saudi Arabia , Iraq , Iran , Kuwait , Qatar – World Of To all elder Oil store right here Are.
• Russia : Europe To Natural Gas Of Chief Exporter.
• Venezuela : America anti energy Prosperous Nation.
• Caspian Sea Area : Middle Asia And Caucasus Area energy Conflict Of Center.

3. OPEC and Oil of Politics

• OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) World Of Oil Production Of Big Part controlled does Is.
• it Organization Oil Prices And Production Of Through global economy To Affected does Is.

4. Russia – Ukraine war And energy crisis

• Europe Russia But Gas supply Of For dependent Was. war Of Go supply interrupted Hui.
• European Countries by LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) Of For America , Qatar As Option Search.

5. China And energy Routes Of Control

• China Malacca Strait But Own Dependency Less to Of For CPEC ( China – Pakistan) Economic corridor ) and bri Of under energy Routes To various made remained Is.

6. India And energy Geopolitics

• India Raw Oil Of 85% imports does is , whereby energy Security Important Issue Is.
• Russia From Discounted Oil Buy , Iran From Chabahar Port Of Channel From accessibility , and energy Of Renewable Options ( Solar , Hydro ) But India Of Attention increased Is.

🔹 B. water of Geopolitics of Water

1. Water One Limited And controversial resources

• World of About 40% population Wool Areas In would stay Is Where Water of Shortage Is.
• Rivers Of flow But Control Many Times Countries Of between Conflict Of Reason becoming Is.

2. Chief international Water Conflict :

• Indigo River Dispute – Ethiopia , Sudan And Egypt Of between GERD (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) To taking Clash.
• Jordan River Dispute – Israel , Jordan And Palestine Of between Water Of rights To taking Tension.
• Sindhu Water Treaty ( India – Pakistan ) – in 1960 agreement it happened , but every Tension Of during it Issue Then Discussion In comes Is.
• brahmaputra River – China By tibet In Dam Construction India And Bangladesh Of For Worry Of Subject.

3. China of ‘ Water power policy​

• China Rivers Of Upper on the Tibetan Plateau Located being Of Reason ‘Hydro-Hegemony’ Established Tax remained Is.
• Brahmaputra , Mekong , Salween like Rivers But China Of Dam Construction From Below Of Countries In Water of Availability Affected would have been Is.

4. Climate Change And Water crisis

• Glaciers Of thaw , monsoon imbalance , drought And flood like Events Water of Availability And Distribution To Affected Tax doing Are.
• Future In Water crisis To taking ‘Water Wars’ of Possibility From denied No Did Go Can.

5. India of Water strategy

• Nehru – Liaquat agreement And Indus Water Treaty India of Water Diplomacy Of Historical Base Are.
• River Add project , water Life The mission , and River Basin Cooperation ( SAARC , BIMSTEC under ) But India Of Attention Focused Is.
• India Water To Collaboration Of Channel Make wants yes , the struggle Of No.

 conclusion

energy And Water Both only Modern Geopolitics Of Strategic resources become already Are.

• Who Country in Resources But Control keeping are , they global Power Equation In high place get Do Are.
• to come ones Decades In Geopolitics of Direction These Resources of availability , distribution , and Control From fixed It will be.

India As developing Countries Of For it Necessary Is That They energy And Water Of Area In safety Security​ And Collaboration based Policy Adopt it.

A.Energy​ Resources And Geopolitics

Energy Resources such as Oil , natural gas , coal , uranium And Now Renewable Renewable Energy – Any Too Country of economic , military And Political Power Of Original Base Are. energy No Only Industries And transportation Of For Necessary it is , rather His Control One Strategic Weapon Of Form In Too Use Would Is. that’s why energy resources Today of Geopolitics Of Center In Are.

🔹 1. energy Of Chief Type And Their geopolitical Effect

🔹 2. Chief global energy geopolitical Area

i. West Asia ( Middle East)

• Saudi Arabia , Iran , Iraq , Kuwait As Countries Of Near World Of About 48% Raw Oil store Is.
• Hormuz Strait World Of To all Busy Oil route Is.
• Here Of religious , communal And Political Conflict Often global Oil supply To Affected Do Are.

Russia​ And Europe

• Russia Europe To line pipe Of Channel From Natural Gas sends is ( like NordStream line pipe ) .
• Russia – Ukraine war Of Reason Europe To optional of sources ( LNG, renewable ) seek to do Fell.
• energy To Russia by One geopolitical Weapon Of Form In Use Did.

China​ And energy route

• China of energy supply Of Big Part Malacca Strait From through passes is , which ‘ Malacca called ‘ dilemma ‘ go Is.
• This  Reason China by Main article: CPEC , BRI , and myanmar line pipe like Projects advanced of Are.

America​ – energy Freedom And export

• Shell Gas And Shell Oil Of Reason America Now Energy – Importer No , rather Exporter become paid Is.
• it Situation America To global energy policy​ In Breakthrough Role gives Is.

🔹 3. energy war And Control of Politics

• of 1973 Oil Crisis : Arab – Israel war Of after OPEC has America And Europe To Oil supply Stoppage Gave.
• Iran But Sanctions : US And Western Countries by Oil export But restrictions By putting Iran of economy But Pressure Put.
• Venezuela Crisis : Oil based economy Of Downfall And Western interference Of Result.

🔹 4. India And energy Geopolitics

Energy​ Dependency

• India Own Total Oil Need Of by 85% More Import does Is.
• main Supplier Country : Saudi Arabia , Iraq , Russia , UAE , Nigeria .

Optional​ Sources of seek

• Iran From Chabahar Port Of Channel From Middle Asia till energy supply Of way.
• India – Russia Cheap Oil Agreement ( Russia – Ukraine war Of during ) .
• India – USA Strategic energy Partnership .

iii. Akshay energy In India of Initiative

• International Solar Alliance (ISA) Of Through India by global Leadership of Role played Is.
• By 2023 175 GW of renewables energy Production Of Target.
• Hydrogen Mission Of Channel From Future of green energy of Direction In step.

🔹 5. Future of energy Geopolitics

• green energy of Race : Solar , Wind , Hydrogen And Battery Technology Of Cases In China , the United States , India , and Europe Of between Competition.
• energy Energy Storage – New​ Techniques And Raw substances ( such as on lithium​ global Competition.
• energy Security = National Security .

 conclusion :

energy Resources But Control Now Only Economic No , rather security , strategic dominance And global Power balance Of Question become paid India
​ As developing Countries To No Only Our Traditional energy Sources To Safe Keep It would be , rather Renewable Energy , International Partnerships , and energy Energy diplomacy​ Of Area In Active Form From Ahead Grow will be.

B. Water Resources And Geopolitics

Water 21st​​ Century Of ‘ Blue Sleep ‘ becoming Go remained Is. World In Sweet of freshwater​​ amount Limited It is , but population growth , industrialization And climate Change Of Reason his demand speed From increase doing Is. so Water Resources Of control , distribution , and management Today global Geopolitics Of One Important aspect become paid Is.

🔹 1. Water of geopolitical Nature

• Rivers And water source Often Limit cross flowing are , whereby One From More Countries Of Interests Connected would have Are.
• Upper Water Flow ( Upstream) gonna Country Lower Countries Of For crisis Or Pressure Yield Tax Can Is.
• Water crisis From Yield would have been Are — Political tension , security issues , food Insecurity And Migration crisis .

🔹 2. Chief international Water Conflict

i. Indigo River Dispute ( Ethiopia – Sudan – Egypt )

• GERD (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) – Ethiopia By Indigo River But Huge Dam Of Construction
• Egypt , which Indigo But About Complete Kind dependent yes , it National Security crisis agrees Is.
• Negotiation And Mediation Of Attempt Ongoing Are.

ii. Brahmaputra River Dispute ( China – India – Bangladesh )

• brahmaputra Of Origin tibet In is , whereby China To Upper Control get Is.
• China By Dam Construction From India And Bangladesh To Water Flow of Worry
• India by Water Data partnership , monitoring Mechanism And international Treaties of Demand of Is.

iii. Indus Water Treaty ( India – Pakistan )

• In 1960 India And Pakistan Of between World Bank of Mediation From Treaty Hui.
• Jhelum , Chenab , Indus – Pakistan to ; Ravi , Beas , Sutlej – India To Allocated.
• every war Or Terrorist Event Of after it Treaty Political Discussion Of Center paired Is.

iv. Jordan River Dispute ( Israel – Palestine – Jordan )

• Water Of Limited Sources To taking Conflict – Especially West Bank Area In.
• israel But Water Distribution In Inequality Of Blame.

🔹 3. climate Change And Water crisis

• Glaciers Of melting ( especially Himalaya In ) ,
• Monsoonal Uncertainty ,
• Groundwater Of Excessive Harness ,
• climate Disasters ( floods , droughts ) — Water crisis To Permanent geopolitical hazard made doing Are.

🔹 4. China of Water Policy – Water based dominance

• China Asia of Most Big Rivers Of Origin Place is ( the Yarlung Tsangpo / Brahmaputra , Mekong , Salween Etcetera ) .
• He Above Dam By making Hydro-hegemony ( water dominance ) Established Tax remained Is.
• Mekong River But China Of Dams From Laos , Cambodia , Thailand , Vietnam Affected yes are Are.

🔹 5. India of Water Geopolitics

International​ Treaties And Negotiation

• Sindhu Water Sandhi – Now till Effective : India This Diplomatic tool Of Form In sees Is.
• Bangladesh Of with Ganges Water agreement , testa Water Controversy Now Too pending.

Internal​ Water resources management

• Water Life Mission , River Add project , constant Groundwater Plan Of Channel From India internal level But Active Is.
• Himalayan States In Water Protection , underground Water Of management India of strategy Of Part Are.

Regional​ Collaboration of Initiative

• SAARC, BIMSTEC and BBIN Of Forums But India Water based Collaboration To Boost gives Is.
• Nepal , Bhutan , Bangladesh Of with River projects , dams And Hydropower In Joint Work.

🔹 6. Future of Direction – Water war Or Water Collaboration ?

• Water To taking Mounting Tension Of Reason Some? expert Future In “Water Wars” of apprehension expressing Are.
• But Its Conversely , if Countries Of between Transparency , partnership And Scientist Water management yes , then Water One Collaboration Of Channel Too become Can Is.
• Water Of Area In Data partnership , reciprocal Projects , and public awareness​ From Controversies To avoided Go Can Is.

 conclusion :

Water Now Only One Natural resources No , rather strategic , political And Social Weapon become paid Geopolitical
​ Competition To Water crisis And More Complex made Can India
​ To Needed That He Water But Regional leadership , collaboration of Culture , and Climate – Favorable strategy Of with Ahead Increased.

6. New Geopolitical Challenges

21st​ Century of Geopolitics Traditional Limitations And military Power From Ahead increased Now technology , climate , cyber security , space And data As New Areas In Entry Tax chuki Is. These New Challenges Invisible , fast motion From advanced being Wali , and Sometimes​​ Nation of sovereignty To Dangers In insert wala would have been Are. This Section In We Wool Emerging geopolitical Challenges Of Analysis do Who to come ones Decades In global Power balance To depth From Affected will do it.

🔹 A. cyber Security And Digital Warfare ( Cybersecurity & Digital Warfare)

1. Cyber Attacks One New war Area

• Governments , banks , defense Establishments And Infrastructure But being ones Cyber Attacks Now Mango yes already Are.
• Example :
  • Stuxnet virus ( Iran Of Atom Program )
  • WannaCry and Pegasus As Software
  • Russia , China , America And Answer Korea By Alleged Cyber activities.

2. India of Situation

• India But Too health , electricity , railway , banking Sector In Cyber Attacks happened Are.
• India by National Cyber Security Policy And CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team – India) of Establishment of Is.

🔹 B. data And artificial intelligence of Geopolitics ( Data & AI Geopolitics)

1. Data – New Oil ( Data is the new oil)

• Digital economy And Big data Analysis by data To Strategic resources made Gave Is.
• Who Whose data controlled does Is – This only Now Power Of Criteria become remained Is.

2. Artificial in Intelligence ( AI) global competition

• America , China And Europe Of between In AI Domination of Competition.
• of AI military And Supervision Use by This Moral And Security Of Issue made Gave Is.
• India As Countries Of For AI Policy And technology Self-reliance Necessary Is.

🔹 C. climate Change And Environmental Climate Geopolitics​​​

1. Natural Resources Of For Conflict

• water , land , minerals , and Agriculture able land — theirs Availability occur From Competition increase doing Is.
• Africa , Central Asia And South Asia In Environmental Migration And Conflict of apprehension.

2. Green Technology And ‘ net Zero ‘ key Politics

• advanced Country developing Countries But Pressure made are Are That They Green Energy , carbon Tax And energy Conversion To Adopt it.
• From this developing Countries of energy Freedom And Industrial strategy Affected yes can Is.

🔹 D. space of Space Geopolitics​

1. Satellite And space based military Power

• GPS, communication , surveillance And Missile alert In Satellites of Role important Is.
• America , Russia , China , India – All by ASAT (Anti Satellite Weapons) But Work Did Is.

2. Moon , Mars And minerals of Race

• space Space Mining​ of competition Start yes chuki Is.
• Personal Companies ( such as SpaceX, Blue Origin) too space In Investment Tax doing Are.

🔹 E. multipolar World Multipolar World Order

1. America Of Domination challenge In

• America Now Alone Superpower No remained. China , Russia , European Union , India As Country New Polar Powers By becoming Emergence are Are.

2. Global Institutions of Relevance But Question

• Joint Nations , WTO, WHO, etc. Organizations of Efficiency And Fairness But Frequently​​ Question got up Are.
• New Order local alliances , regional Forums ( QUAD, SCO, BRICS) And Economic on groups ( G20) dependent does Is.

🔹 F.Paramilitary​ And non state​ Elements ( Hybrid Warfare & Non-State Actors)

1. Private military Companies And Terrorist Organization

• Wagner Group ( Russia ) like Personal Armies And ISIS, Al – Qaeda , Houthis As Group State of Power To challenge giving Are.

2. Hybrid Hybrid Warfare​

• Traditional , Cyber , Information And Economic war Of Mixture From Enemy To Weak to do.
• Example : Russia Of Ukraine In Hybrid war Model.

 conclusion :

New geopolitical Challenges Now Only borders , armies Or Weapons till Limited No they are.
 Now Our Digital data , ideas , climate , technology , and space till Spread chuki are .
in Challenges Of Solution Only military Power From No , rather Diplomat intelligence , technology self-reliance , and global Collaboration From only possible Is.

India To in Challenges Of confront to Of For

• Strategic self sufficiency ,
• Digital Empowerment ,
• international Leadership And
• balanced Foreign Policy To embrace will be.

7.Conclusion of Geopolitics

Geopolitics today​​ Only borders , armies And Agreements till Limited No remained , rather it One Multifunctional And dynamic Process become chuki is , which World of politics , economy , technology , climate And human Life Of every aspect To Affected Tax doing Is. 21st​ Century of Geopolitics In Where One Side Traditional Power conflict ( e.g. US – China Rivalry , Russia – Ukraine war continues​ are , right there Second Side New Challenges ( Cyber security , data , climate change , water And energy crisis ) as well global Stability To challenge Give doing Are.

India Of Reference In Geopolitics Of Importance And Too increase go Is Because –

• it One population And geomorphology​​ Superpower Is ,
• One speed From Emerging economy Is ,
• And One Ancient But Modern Vision Keeping gonna Democracy Too Is.

India To global stage But One responsible Responsible Power​ Of Form In Own Role to fulfill Of For :

• Strategic Strategic Autonomy​ Create keep There will be ,
• Technology And protect Area In Self-reliance increase There will be ,
• And Regional And global Collaboration Of Channel From Stability To Boost Give will be.

Geopolitics Of Future those Countries Of Hand In will be Who Balance , Vision , Innovation And human Interests To with taking Will go.

 Ending in :
Geopolitics Any steady concept No , rather One moving Hui chess of Chessboard is , in which every Pieces of move global landscape To change can Is. India To This Chessboard In No Only Active the player , but Intelligent Breakthrough Of Form In emerge will be.