Early life and education
Full name: Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi
Born: 19 November 1917, Allahabad (now Prayagraj) , Uttar Pradesh
Father: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (First Prime Minister of India)
Mother: Kamla Nehru
Indira Gandhi was born in a distinguished political family. Her childhood was spent in the environment of political activities and freedom struggle. She first studied in Allahabad’s Modern School and then Shantiniketan He received his education in 1910. Later he went to Delhi for higher education. She went to Oxford University ( England) , where she studied history , politics and economics.
Beginning of political career
Indira Gandhi was involved in the freedom struggle since her childhood. She participated in various movements of the Indian National Congress. She also worked as an advisor and personal assistant to Pandit Nehru. In 1959 , she became the president of the Indian National Congress . chairman became.
Journey to become Prime Minister
After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 , Indira Gandhi was made the Prime Minister of India. Third Prime Minister And first woman prime minister of india Was selected.
His tenure lasted three times:
- First term ( 1966–1977):
- 1971 war with Pakistan and Formation of Bangladesh Happened.
- Eliminate poverty Gave the slogan of.
- Nationalisation of banks Did.
- Emergency in 1975 was imposed , which is considered to be the most controversial decision of his political life.
- Second term ( 1980–1984):
- He returned to power again.
- To handle the terrorism situation in Punjab Operation Blue Star A campaign was launched in which the army flushed out the terrorists hiding in the Golden Temple.
private life
Indira Gandhi did Feroze Gandhi She married , who was a famous parliament member. They had two sons – rajiv gandhi And Sanjay Gandhi . Rajiv Gandhi later became the Prime Minister of India.
Death
October 31, 1984, he was killed by his own Sikh Bodyguards By He was murdered by those who were angry with Operation Blue Star. After his murder , there was a lot of uproar in the whole country Anti-Sikh riots He got angry.
memorable contribution
- He had a great contribution in making India a strong nation.
- She inspired women to play a strong role in politics.
- Even today she is considered one of the most influential and decisive Prime Ministers of India.
Early Life and Education of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
India’s first woman Prime Minister , Smt. Indira Gandhi, has been extraordinary. The foundation of her personality was laid during her early life and education. She was brought up in an environment where patriotism , self-sacrifice and leadership qualities were directly influenced. In this article, we will describe in detail the aspects of her early life and education.
Birth and family background
Indira Gandhi was born on 19 November 1917 in the city of Allahabad (now Prayagraj) in Uttar Pradesh. Her full name was Indira Priyadarshini Nehru. She was the son of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru And Kamla Nehru She was the only child of Pandit Nehru. Pandit Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle. Indira Gandhi was born in a family that was not only politically aware but also played an active role in the freedom struggle.
his grandmother Swarup Rani Nehru And grandfather Motilal Nehru were also leaders in the freedom struggle. Thus , Indira Gandhi was brought up in an environment that was full of patriotism , service , struggle and self-sacrifice.
Childhood and early influences
Indira Gandhi’s childhood was quite different from that of other children. Most of her time was spent amidst the political activities and movements of her father and grandfather. Her mother Kamala Nehru was often ill and was also imprisoned several times by the British government for participating in political activities.
As a child, Indira saw the sacrifices her family members were making for the country. This instilled a sense of nationalism in her. At a young age, she formed a children’s organization called ” Vanar Sena ” , which aimed to encourage children’s participation in the freedom struggle. Vanar Sena helped Congress workers in tasks like delivering messages , hoisting flags and organizing demonstrations.
Early education
Indira Gandhi received her primary education in Allahabad. Modern School , Vijayanagar School , and then Pupils Own School Later he Shantiniketan She went to Shantiniketan , a famous educational institution founded by Rabindranath Thakur (Tagore). In Shantiniketan, she received education under the guidance of Gurudev Tagore. There she not only studied literature and art , but also gained self-discipline and a deep understanding of Indian culture.
However , in Shantiniketan his health was often poor and his studies were interrupted many times due to his mother’s illness. Despite this, he continued his studies.
education abroad
Indira Gandhi travelled abroad to acquire higher education. She first studied at the Switzerland She went to England where her mother was undergoing treatment. There she received some education. After this she went to England where she studied medicine. University of Oxford Of Somerville College He took admission in IIT Kanpur. There he studied history , political science and economics.
Although he had to interrupt his studies due to health problems and family responsibilities , he still had an impressive academic experience. At Oxford he interacted with students from different parts of the world and developed a global perspective.
During his stay at Oxford, he also understood the movements going on in European countries for India’s independence and the thinking of the people there. This experience further broadened his political outlook.
Influences from parents
Indira Gandhi was deeply influenced by her father Jawaharlal Nehru. Pandit Nehru’s modern thinking , scientific outlook and democratic values influenced Indira deeply. Jawaharlal Nehru was often in prison , but he taught important principles of life to his daughter through letters. The letters written by him were later published as a book ” Letters from a Father to His Daughter” .
In these letters, world history , culture , science and moral values were discussed , which shaped Indira’s personality.
Summary
The early life of Mrs. Indira Gandhi was not the life of an ordinary child. She was born and brought up in an environment full of struggle , politics and patriotism. The inspiration and education she received from her family , especially her father , became the foundation of her political life. He had imbibed the spirit of patriotism in his childhood. Studying in educational institutions like Shantiniketan and Oxford, he developed a global perspective along with Indian culture. The learnings received during education , family values and the spirit of patriotism made him a decisive and powerful leader in the future.
Beginning of Political Career of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi, the first woman Prime Minister of India, was not only an influential leader , but she also started her political career in a very unique way. Her political career was not the result of any accidental event , but it was being prepared since her childhood. Let us know in detail how she started her political journey.
Influence of political background
Indira Gandhi was born into a family that was at the centre of India’s freedom struggle. Her father Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a leading leader of the Indian National Congress and later became the first Prime Minister of independent India. Her grandmother Swaroop Rani and grandfather Motilal Nehru were also active in the freedom struggle. Growing up in such an environment, Indira Gandhi was involved in politics and national movements since childhood.
Formation of Vanar Sena – the first political initiative
Indira Gandhi started giving active shape to her political ideas at a very young age. She formed a group of children named ” Vanar Sena” . This children’s organization used to help in Congress movements – like passing secret information from one place to another , distributing pamphlets , and hoisting flags.
This is considered to be his first active political participation , which proved that he had leadership qualities since childhood.
Participation in the freedom struggle
the 1930s and 1940s , when India was involved in massive movements against the British , Indira Gandhi also participated in Congress activities many times. She was also detained by the British government many times. She kept a close eye on the country’s politics even during her studies and continued to support the freedom struggle.
Role as political adviser ( 1950s )
After the independence of India ( 1947) , Pandit Nehru became the Prime Minister. At that time Indira Gandhi did not enter active politics , but she accompanied her father on various national and international trips and played a supporting role in his political activities.
Indira Gandhi made contact with many national leaders , foreigners and officials during this period. These experiences broadened her outlook and deepened her political understanding. She gradually began to gain recognition among the public and senior leaders of the Congress Party.
Formal entry into the Indian National Congress ( 1955)
1955 , Indira Gandhi founded the Indian National Congress working committee He got a place in the INC. This was the most powerful decision making body of the Congress. This was his first formal political post.
Thereafter , he joined the Congress Party in 1959. National President She was elected. This was an important event at that time , because a woman coming to this high position was a new beginning for Indian politics. At that time, there was a lot of controversy within the party about her becoming the president , but her efficient leadership and background strengthened her position.
Growing influence in politics ( 1960s )
After the death of Pandit Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri became the Prime Minister of the country. At that time Indira Gandhi served in the cabinet as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. This was her first central ministerial post. During her tenure in this post, she played an important role in conveying the image of the government to the public through mediums like All India Radio , Film Censor Board and Doordarshan.
His popularity , communication style and connection with the masses made him an influential leader.
1966 – Beginning of his tenure as Prime Minister
After the sudden death of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 , there was a dispute in the Congress party about the new Prime Minister. Many senior leaders wanted Morarji Desai to be made the Prime Minister , but a large section supported Indira Gandhi. Thus she became the Prime Minister of India in 1966 . Third Prime Minister And first woman prime minister became.
From here a new phase of his political life started , but it can also be said that all the events till 1966 were laying a strong foundation for his entry into politics.
conclusion
Indira Gandhi’s political career was not a sudden journey. Her childhood , family environment , education and the work she did in her youth prepared her to be a strong politician. Her journey from the monkey army to becoming the Prime Minister is inspiring. She took her first step on the political stage very thoughtfully and gradually made her place among the most powerful leaders of India.
Mrs Indira Gandhi’s Journey to Becoming The Prime Minister
Mrs Indira Gandhi’s journey to becoming the Prime Minister
In the democratic history of India, if any leader gave a new direction to politics with strong will , courage , strategic skills and unique leadership , it was her Mrs. Indira Gandhi . She not only became the first woman Prime Minister of India , but also strongly established the image of India within and outside the country. Indira Gandhi’s journey to becoming the Prime Minister was not just the result of family legacy , but it was an inspiring path made of her political experience , public support , strategy and struggles.
In this detailed article we will understand in depth the journey of Indira Gandhi to becoming the Prime Minister , which includes her political beginning , work in the organization , role as Union Minister , circumstances of becoming the Prime Minister and the challenges of her initial tenure.
Political background and foundation
Indira Gandhi was born in 1917 to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru , a prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle. She grew up in an environment where teachings of nationalism , politics and sacrifice were an everyday affair. She formed the ‘ Vanar Sena ‘ in her childhood and participated in the freedom struggle. This was the beginning of her leadership ability and national spirit.
After her father Nehru became the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi also started participating in political activities. She accompanied Nehru ji on his foreign trips , interacted with Congress leaders and gradually started emerging as a responsible leader.
Formal entry into Congress
1955 , Indira Gandhi was Working Committee of the Indian National Congress He was included in the party’s highest decision making body. In 1959 he was made the party’s president. chairman This decision was also made. Many senior leaders of that time did not like this decision because they considered Indira as “Nehru’s daughter” and underestimated her ability. But Indira Gandhi gradually introduced her leadership ability to everyone through her work.
This role brought her closer to the people and workers. She became known as a dedicated , disciplined and progressive leader.
Debut as Union Minister
When Nehru died in 1964 , Lal Bahadur Shastri became the Prime Minister of India. At that time Indira Gandhi was He was made the Minister of Information and Broadcasting . While in this position, he worked to convey government policies to the general public.
He made improvements in films and radio broadcasts , modernized the means of mass communication and took several initiatives to make cinema and television a medium of national unity. This tenure of his proved to be helpful in making him more popular on the national stage.
🔹 1966 – Background of becoming Prime Minister
On 11 January 1966 , the Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri died suddenly. This was a time of crisis for Indian politics. At that time the Congress had two major options – on the one hand Morarji Desai On one hand there was Prime Minister Narendra Modi who was considered an experienced leader , while on the other hand there was Indira Gandhi who was considered relatively young and “less experienced”.
senior congress leader K. Kamaraj ( who was the most influential leader in the Congress organisation at that time) and his colleagues decided to support Indira Gandhi. They believed that Indira Gandhi would be a “compromising and controlling” leader. But this assumption later proved to be completely wrong.
January 15, 1966, Indira Gandhi was Congress Parliamentary Party was elected the leader of the and thus he first woman prime minister of india became.
First term ( 1966 – 1971): Challenges and decisions
Soon after becoming the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi had to face many difficulties. The country was going through economic crisis , food crisis , shortage of foreign exchange and social discontent. Apart from this, she was also being seen as a “weak leader” within the Congress Party.
Key Challenges and Decisions:
- Deoghar movement and currency crisis – There was discontent among the people regarding the rapidly increasing inflation , currency devaluation and unemployment in the country.
- Split of the Party ( 1969) – Differences between Indira Gandhi and the old leaders of Congress (called “Syndicate”) started increasing. This peaked when during the presidential election Indira Gandhi supported V.V. Giri against her own party candidate Neelam Sanjeev Reddy and Giri also won. After this the party got divided into two parts –
- Congress (R) – led by Indira Gandhi
- Congress (O) – Led by old guard
- Nationalization of Banks ( 1969) – Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major banks of India. This decision gave her the image of a messiah of the poor and a socialist leader. This decision had a very positive impact on her political stature.
- Abolition of Privy Purse – By ending the government aid to the princely states of India, Indira Gandhi gave a decisive blow to the feudal structure.
🔹 1971 – Historic election and second term
Indira Gandhi contested the general elections of 1971 by giving the slogan “ Garibi Hatao ” . Her slogan became very popular among the people and she won with a huge majority. This victory established her as the undisputed leader.
1971 – Bangladesh War and Historic Victory
India and Pakistan went to war in 1971 , when human rights violations and refugee crisis in the eastern part of Pakistan (now Bangladesh) forced India to intervene. Indira Gandhi prepared India for the war and after India’s spectacular victory, Bangladesh was born.
This victory gave Indira Gandhi recognition as a powerful leader on the global level. For the first time the world saw India’s military and diplomatic capabilities in such an impressive form.
🔹 1975 – Emergency and its background
1975 , the Allahabad High Court declared Indira Gandhi’s election invalid and banned her from contesting elections for 6 years. To overcome this crisis, she started a movement in the country. Emergency was announced.
During the Emergency, several amendments were made to the Constitution , civil liberties were curtailed , media was censored, and political opponents were imprisoned. This was the most controversial chapter of Indira Gandhi’s rule , but it also reflected her political strategy and grip on power.
🔹 Defeat in 1977 and comeback in 1980
Due to the emergency, public discontent grew and when elections were held in 1977 , the Congress had to face defeat. But Indira Gandhi did not accept defeat and returned to power by winning the elections again in 1980 amidst the failures of the Janata Party government.
conclusion
Indira Gandhi’s journey to become the Prime Minister was not only the result of her family background , but it was also the result of her personal struggle , bold decisions , strategic skills and her deep connection with the people. Despite being a woman, she made her strong identity in the male-dominated political system.
His journey to becoming the Prime Minister teaches us that if there is strong will , vision and a relationship of trust with the people , then any person can assume the supreme leadership of the country.
First Term of Smt. Indira Gandhi ( 1966–1977)
The first woman Prime Minister of India, Smt. Indira Gandhi The first term of the Prime Minister was a defining period for Indian politics , social change , economic reform and building of global image. This period spanned from 1966 to 1977 , during which she took many historic decisions , led in wars , fought internal dissent , and finally resorted to the controversial step of declaring Emergency.
understand this 11 year tenure in detail:
🔹 1. Background of becoming Prime Minister ( 1966)
After the sudden death of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 11 January 1966 , the Congress Party had to choose a new leader. The senior leaders (called the ‘ Syndicate ‘ ) felt that Indira Gandhi should be chosen because she would be a relatively “weak” and “influenceable” leader. But Indira Gandhi soon proved this notion wrong.
She became the third and first woman Prime Minister of India on 24 January 1966. It was a bold and historic change in that era.
🔹 2. Initial challenges and decisions
Indira Gandhi faced many challenges after becoming Prime Minister:
- dire food crisis
- rapidly rising inflation
- acute shortage of foreign exchange
- Political instability and international pressure
To deal with this situation, Indira Gandhi took several policy decisions:
- They Green Revolution This was implemented rapidly , due to which India moved towards self-sufficiency in agricultural production.
- import of grains Retained temporary reliance on the PL-480 agreement with the US for the same , but took steps towards a long-term solution.
🔹 3. 1969 – Split in the Congress Party
Indira Gandhi and senior party leaders (Kamaraj , Morarji Desai etc.) grew over ideological differences and leadership. The culmination of the conflict was when Indira Gandhi nominated an independent candidate instead of the party candidate Neelam Sanjiva Reddy in the presidential election. V.V. Giri Supported.
After this incident the Congress was divided into two parts:
- Congress (O) – “Organization” group , which consisted of old leaders.
- Congress (R) – “Requisition” group , led by Indira Gandhi.
Despite this division, Indira Gandhi’s popularity was continuously increasing among the public.
🔹 4. Nationalisation of banks ( 1969)
Indira Gandhi merged 14 major banks Nationalization This decision proved to be a game-changer for the country’s economic direction. The main objective behind this was:
- Connecting rural and poor sections with banking services
- Providing credit facility to agriculture and small scale industries
- Limiting the influence of private capitalists
this decision Eliminate poverty It was an important part of the campaign and established Indira Gandhi as the messiah of the poor.
🔹 5. Abolition of Privy Purse
Indira Gandhi took another bold step by ending the financial assistance (Privy Purse) given to the royal families of the country as per the Constitution. She said ,
” We want to create an equal society , where there is no place for privilege.”
This decision was a major step towards social equality , although it faced considerable legal and political opposition.
🔹 6. 1971 – Historic elections and “Garibi Hatao” slogan
1971 general elections, Indira Gandhi gave the powerful slogan of “ Garibi Hatao ” . This slogan touched the hearts of the common people. She defeated the opposition parties and returned to power with a huge majority.
This victory established Indira Gandhi as the undisputed mass leader. It was a proof of the popularity of her strong policies and work done for the poor.
🔹 7. 1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War and Indo-Pak War
1971 , atrocities by the Pakistan army in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and the migration of millions of refugees into India led to a humanitarian crisis. Indira Gandhi took a tough stand and allowed the Indian army to intervene.
December 1971 In 1944 a war broke out between India and Pakistan in which Pakistan suffered a crushing defeat and Creation of Bangladesh happened. About 93,000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered.
Indira Gandhi was praised in India and abroad for this victory ” Goddess of Power” It was said. India’s military and diplomatic power was acknowledged by the entire world.
🔹 8. 1975 – Court decision and declaration of emergency
1975 , the Allahabad High Court impeached Indira Gandhi due to electoral irregularities. Cancellation of election and asked him to step down from his post. Protests were held across the country against this.
Indira Gandhi did Emergency on 25 June 1975 The formal reason for this was “internal disturbance”. During this time:
- Curbs on civil rights
- Opposition leaders were put in jail
- freedom of the press was curtailed
- Amendments made to the Constitution
Indira Gandhi was criticized a lot for the emergency , but she described it as necessary for the stability of the country.
🔹 9. 1977 – Elections and out of power
Discontent among the people regarding the emergency kept increasing. In 1977 , Indira Gandhi held Lok Sabha elections. Janata Party won a landslide victory and Indira Gandhi was defeated. This was the end of her first term.
However, this defeat was not the end of her political career , but rather a milestone. She returned to power again in 1980 .
conclusion
Indira Gandhi’s first term was important in the history of Indian politics in many respects:
- He took bold economic and social decisions
- Strengthened India’s defense and international standing
- The limits of democratic values were tested (Emergency)
On one hand, his leadership became famous as a mass leader , while on the other hand, it also became the center of criticism due to the Emergency. This tenure presents the image of a leader who is not afraid of taking tough decisions , but whose tendency to preserve power was also evident from time to time.
Formation of Bangladesh and The Contribution of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
1971 was a watershed event that not only changed the political structure of South Asia but also strengthened India’s global diplomatic and military importance. At this transformative moment, the then Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, was in power. Smt. Indira Gandhi His contribution was decisive and inspiring. The way he played a role at the humanitarian , military , diplomatic and political levels establishes him as a visionary and determined leader.
Let us understand in detail what was the contribution of Indira Gandhi in the formation of Bangladesh:
🔹1 . Background: How did the demand for Bangladesh arise ?
- long-standing social , political and economic discrimination between East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan).
- Bengali language , culture and rights were continually neglected.
- the 1970 general election in East Pakistan The Awami League ( led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) won a clear majority , but was refused to hand over power.
- In protest against this, there was a rebellion in East Pakistan , which the Pakistani army tried to crush with force.
- Millions of people were killed and nearly 1 crore refugees entered India .
🔹 2. Indira Gandhi’s human approach
- When millions of refugees started coming to the border states of India , it became a social and economic burden on India.
- Indira Gandhi said it not just a border dispute , but Humanitarian crisis seen as.
- He set up camps to help the refugees and arranged for food , medicine and security.
Indira Gandhi made it clear that this problem was not just of India , but Responsibility of the international community is also there.
🔹 3. Mobilizing global support at the diplomatic level
Indira Gandhi knew that global support was necessary before military action. She took several major steps for this:
- He held talks with prominent leaders of the US , Britain , France , Germany and Russia.
- They United Nations It highlighted the situation in Bangladesh and drew world attention to the crisis.
- He met the President of the United States Nixon And strongly opposed China’s pro-Pakistan policy.
- On the contrary , he Soviet Union ( USSR) a historic one with “ India-Soviet Friendship Treaty” ( 1971) Signed , which provided military and strategic security to India.
It was the result of Indira Gandhi’s visionary diplomacy that India could get freedom of military action despite international pressures.
🔹 4. Military Approach: Mukti Bahini and India’s Preparation
- Against atrocities by Pakistan Army in East Pakistan ” Mukti Vahini “ A local rebel force called was formed.
- Indira Gandhi provided training , arms and support to these freedom fighters in India.
- The Indian Army made strategic deployments on the border and made full preparations for every possibility of war.
Indira Gandhi did not resort to direct military intervention until Pakistan itself attacked .
🔹 5. Start of the war – Pakistan’s mistake
3 December 1971, Pakistan declared war on India Ambala , Pathankot , Srinagar and Jodhpur After this attack ,
Indira Gandhi addressed the nation and said:
” Now that war has been imposed upon us , we will respond and fight until final victory.”
🔹 6. 13 days of historical war and victory
- 3 December to 16 December 1971 Indo-Pak War walked.
- The Indian Army, in coordination with all three forces (Army , Air Force , Navy), surrounded the Pakistani Army in East Pakistan.
- 16 December 1971 in Dhaka Pakistani General Niazi by Indian Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Arora in front of Surrendered with 93,000 soldiers I did it.
This was the birth of independent Bangladesh – a new country , a new identity.
🔹 7. Independence of Bangladesh and the image of Indira Gandhi
- India was the first to recognise Bangladesh as an independent nation.
- Indira Gandhi was respected by the people of Bangladesh and on the world stage “ True friend of Bangabandhu” It was said.
- Around the world he created an image of a decisive , humanitarian and powerful leader.
🔹 8. Consequences and effects
- For the first time, India has Military and diplomatic power had performed like this.
- Indira Gandhi proved that Politics does not just require compromise , it also requires the courage to take decisions.
- After this war the image of India on the world stage Regional power It was established as the .
conclusion
Contribution of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in the formation of Bangladesh A wonderful combination of inspiring leadership , human approach , strong diplomacy and bold decisions He proved that if a leader has the will , he can change history.
He not only protected the borders of India but also brought freedom to a suffering nation The greatest service to humanity of.
” Garibi Hatao” – the Historic Campaign
of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
In India 1971 general elections the then Prime Minister during Smt. Indira Gandhi gave a very popular and influential slogan –
“ Remove poverty , bring Indira”
or
“ Remove poverty” ( Garibi Hatao)
This slogan was not just an election slogan , but it was the slogan of the country at that time. Actual socio-economic situation It was a revolutionary call reflecting the spirit of the nation. Indira Gandhi made it the mainstay of her policies and election campaign and established a direct dialogue with millions of poor people of the country.
Background of the slogan
In India in the 1960s and 1970s :
- poverty , unemployment and economic inequality was at the peak
- of the country The majority of the population is rural and poor Was
- Economic growth was slow and the benefits of schemes were not reaching the poor
Indira Gandhi, realising the situation, tried to bring power and policy making directly into the country. needs of the public Tried to connect to .
🔹The objective of ” Remove Poverty”
Indira Gandhi’s objective behind this slogan was:
- Connecting directly with the public , bypassing the old “syndicate” leaders of Congress
- The poor , the workers , the farmers and the backward classes Bringing politics to the center
- Government schemes and resources for poverty alleviation redistribution
Major schemes launched with the slogan
- Nationalization of banks ( 1969) – so that the poor could get loans and banking facilities
- Abolition of Privy Purse – Financial assistance given to royal families was abolished
- 20 point program – focus on issues like poverty alleviation , employment , education , land reform
- Rationing system and price control – to provide relief to the common man
Political benefits
- Through this slogan Indira Gandhi Created a strong image for himself among the poor.
- He won the 1971 Lok Sabha elections with a huge majority.
- Congress (R) received tremendous support across the country and the opposition parties were weakened.
Criticisms
Though the slogan “Garibi Hatao” became very popular , it had some Limitations and criticisms There have also been:
- A lot of plans failed to implement correctly
- Corruption and red tape benefits did not reach the poor because of
- Poverty has not been completely eradicated , but in some areas it has deepened
conclusion
“ Garibi Hatao” was not just a slogan ; it was a A symbol of hope , struggle and empowerment It became a slogan. This reflects Indira Gandhi’s political foresight and ability to understand public sentiments. This slogan not only changed the direction of Indian politics , but also established a new model of election campaign and policy dialogue.
Nationalisation of Banks ( Banks Nationalisation in Hindi)
In India Nationalisation of banks It was a historic decision which 19 July 1969 the then Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi Implemented by the government of . This decision is a great step for the Indian economy and society The big turning point It proved to be a game changer , which made the banking system accessible and useful to the general public , especially the poor , farmers and small businessmen.
What is nationalization ?
Nationalization means taking control of a private institution or industry by the government.
In the context of banks , this meant that The government took control of the assets , management and policies of the large private banks .
Situation before nationalisation
- India’s banking system even after independence A few selected industrialists and rich people It was in the hands of.
- The bank usually cities They were concentrated in the rural areas and did not have reach in the rural areas.
- Farmers , laborers and small businessmen were deprived of banking facilities.
- Capital was used only for the benefit of big industries and corporates.
- Lack of transparency and favoritism in loan distribution was common in banks.
Indira Gandhi’s decision and objective
Indira Gandhi called the nationalisation of banks a Financial improvement And social justice Its main objectives were:
- Connecting the poor and farmers with banking services
- Enhancing the role of banks in the nation’s economic development plans
- Bringing equality in loan distribution
- Bringing banks from commercial interest to social interest
Which banks were nationalized ?
In 1969 , the total 14 big banks were nationalized , which at that time had 85% of the country’s total banking deposits . Prominent among them were:
- Punjab National Bank
- bank of india
- Union Bank Of India
- Canara Bank
- Bank Of Baroda
- Central Bank Of India
- United Bank of India etc.
Later 1980 Indira Gandhi in Nationalisation of 6 more banks , which further increased the reach of public sector banks.
Advantages of Nationalisation
- Bank branches expanded in rural areas
- Farmers and poor people have also started getting loans from banks
- Reduction in social and regional inequality I
- Helped in implementing government schemes and subsidies
- Transparency in the functioning of banks
- Women and weaker sections were economically empowered
Criticism and challenges
- In government banks business and corruption There were complaints of increasing
- Loan recovery problems increased
- The financial condition of some banks was affected due to political interference
- lack of competition from the private sector Decline in quality I
conclusion Nationalisation of banks was one of the initiatives of Indira Gandhi Bold and Visionary Initiatives This step brought the Indian banking system to a standstill public interest Although there were challenges , it Positive effects can be seen even today – when banking services have reached every corner of the country and ” Sabka Bank , Bank for Everyone” The concept has become a reality.
Emergency 1975
Preface
in the democratic history of India 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977 time up to one Critical and controversial phase There remained a situation which is called “Emergency” . This emergency The then Prime Minister, Smt. Indira Gandhi It was declared by and came into effect under Article 352 of the Constitution of India.
This period is considered as the era of Indian democracy the darkest period It is seen as a period of political unrest in which civil liberties , freedom of the press, and political opposition were virtually eliminated.
because of imposition of emergency
Several reasons were given for declaring the emergency , the chief of which were:
- Political instability and protests
- Under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), a mass movement was going on across the country against corruption and bad governance.
- Bihar , Gujarat and other states Students , farmers , laborers Were on the streets.
- Allahabad High Court Decision ( 12 June 1975)
- The court upheld the election of Indira Gandhi as MP from Rae Bareilly Outlawing and them disqualified for six years It was declared.
- After this decision, Indira Gandhi The prime minister’s chair is in danger I have come.
- National security and internal disturbances
- Indira Gandhi claimed that in the country ” inner turmoil” and it has become difficult to run the government.
Declaration of emergency
- The night of 25 June 1975 President to Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the advice of Indira Gandhi internal emergency was announced.
- notice of this Akashvani (radio) But it was given the next day , in which Indira Gandhi said:
” Brothers and sisters , this necessary step has been taken to save the country.”
What happened during the emergency ?
- Suspension of civil rights
- of the constitution Fundamental Rights Like freedom of speech , freedom of press , protest etc. Adjourned Were done.
- Censorship on newspapers
- All newspapers were subjected to censorship.
- Publishing any news without government permission Crime became.
- Arrest of opposition leaders
- Jayaprakash Narayan , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Lal Krishna Advani , Morarji Desai , George Fernandes thousands of leaders and activists including Was put in jail .
- Forced sterilisation campaign
- sanjay gandhi In the name of population control under the leadership of Forced sterilisation A campaign was launched which was heavily criticized.
- Erosion of democratic institutions
- the judiciary , Parliament and the states was weakened.
- by amending the constitution More powers to the Prime Minister were given.
Criticism of the emergency
- It is considered as the essence of Indian democracy The biggest failure It was accepted.
- one of a kind in the country dictatorial system It was implemented.
- Human rights violations , harassment , censorship, and political repression became common.
- in public fear and discontent The atmosphere of spread.
End of emergency
- Indira Gandhi did General elections were held in March 1977 to test public support. was announced.
- The Janata Party ( a coalition of leaders associated with the JP movement) won the elections by a landslide.
- Indira Gandhi and her party Defeated It was done and Morarji Desai Prime Minister Made.
- This is the first time it happened in India Non-Congress Government Came to power.
conclusion
1975 was a big threat to Indian democracy a lesson It came to the fore. It shows that no matter how strong the constitution and institutions are , if power is misused then The rights of the public may be in danger .
Though Indira Gandhi described it as “necessary in the national interest” , historians and political analysts consider it A blow to democracy I believe it.
Second Term of Mrs. Indira Gandhi ( 1980 – 1984)
Second term of Mrs. Indira Gandhi in Indian politics and history eventful and challenging This period lasted from his return to power on 14 January 1980 till He was assassinated on 31 October 1984 It extends up to. During this period Indira Gandhi had to face many challenges like political , social , internal security , regional rebellion and international policies.
Return to power ( 1980)
After the end of the Emergency in 1977 , Indira Gandhi and the Congress were defeated. A crushing defeat in the Lok Sabha elections had to face. But the Janata Party government Instability , factionalism and inexperience Because of this it could not meet the expectations of the public.
After the fall of the Janata government, Indira Gandhi contested the 1980 general elections as a Organized and effective campaigning Run and:
- ” Need a strong leadership”.
- Gave Congress a huge majority victory.
- 14 January 1980 He will once again be a part of India Prime Minister became.
Major challenges and events of the second term
1. Overcoming political instability
- On returning to power, Indira Gandhi to restore political stability in the country Got the challenge of.
- He controlled the opposition parties and made them the leaders of the state governments. Congress rule restored Did.
- By dissolving the assemblies of several states President’s Rule Was implemented.
2. Punjab crisis and Khalistan movement
background:
- By a section of the Sikh community in Punjab ‘ Khalistan ‘ ( Independent Sikh Nation) The demand was being raised.
- Bhindranwale A fanatic religious leader named became the face of this movement.
government policy:
- Initially Indira Gandhi had rejected Bhindranwale As a balance against the Akali Dal Raised.
- But gradually Bhindranwale Terror and radicalism Adopted the path of.
Severity of the situation:
- In Punjab Murder , threats and terror An atmosphere of was created.
- 1984, Bhindranwale and his supporters had Golden Temple It was made an armory.
Operation Blue Star (June 1984):
- Indira Gandhi gave the Indian Army To enter the Golden Temple of Amritsar and eliminate the terrorists ordered.
- This decision was extremely sensitive and controversial because :
- The Golden Temple is the most sacred religious place of the Sikhs.
- in army action Heavy casualties and damage to the temple reached.
Result:
- This action caused uproar in the Sikh community Deep Fury Spread.
- This anger of Indira Gandhi Reason for murder Also made.
3. Insurgency in Nagaland , Assam and Kashmir
Assam Movement:
- In Assam since 1979 Foreigners (especially Bangladeshi migrants) The movement against intensified.
- The All Assam Students Union ( AASU) to expel foreigners demanded for it.
- The movement has Violent form took it – especially Nellie massacre of 1983 Hundreds of people lost their lives.
Indira Gandhi’s reaction:
- He held elections but the agitators boycotted them.
- Later in 1985 “Assam Agreement” during Rajiv Gandhi’s time Happened.
Nagaland and Mizoram:
- There too the separatists revolted , but Indira Gandhi Strategic pressure and political dialogue Used both.
4. Economy and Planning
economic policies:
- Indira Gandhi emphasized on poverty alleviation and industrial development.
- He emphasized on the public sector Planning Commission Initiated new five year plans through.
🔹 6th Five-Year Plan ( 1980–1985):
- Among the objectives:
- Poverty reduction
- Employment Generation
- Increase in agricultural and industrial production Was included.
Expansion of Green Revolution:
- Attempts were made to take the Green Revolution to Eastern India.
Technological Development:
- in the direction of computers and telecommunications initial investment were done.
5. Foreign policy and global relations
Balance in the Cold War Era:
- Indira Gandhi maintained a balance between America and the Soviet Union.
- india’s inclination Soviet Union Was more towards.
🔹NAM ( Non-Aligned Movement):
- Indira Gandhi kept the policy of non-alignment strong.
Afghanistan Crisis:
- India on Soviet intervention in Afghanistan There was no direct criticism , due to which Western countries objected.
6. Death of Sanjay Gandhi ( 1980)
- June 1980 , Indira Gandhi’s younger son Sanjay Gandhi died in a plane crash It’s done.
- Sanjay had to face Indira Gandhi’s Political successor It was believed.
Its effect:
- Indira Gandhi was deeply affected on personal and political levels.
- not interested in politics rajiv gandhi was brought forward in place of Sanjay.
Murder and end
🔹 31 October 1984:
- Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her two Sikh bodyguards – Beant Singh and Satwant Singh It was done by.
- it Operation Blue Star It was the result of the anger of the Sikh community towards him.
After the murder:
- in many places including Delhi Anti-Sikh riots happened.
- Thousands of innocent Sikhs were killed.
- This violence has been condemned at the national and international level. Critical criticism Hui.
conclusion
Second term of Smt. Indira Gandhi Complex , difficult and eventful On the one hand she was a strong-willed leader who dealt with internal security , terrorism and political instability , while on the other hand some decisions (like Operation Blue Star) controversial They were proved.
His assassination shocked India Misery , instability and communal tension pushed him into the era of , but his tenure also showed that if a leader has Courage and Leadership If yes , then he can make even the impossible possible.
Operation Blue Star – A Historical Event
Operation Blue Star This is an event in Indian history which Smt. Indira Gandhi This incident was carried out under his leadership after he became the Prime Minister. 1984 took place and its purpose was Expulsion of militants and separatists from the Golden Temple ( Amritsar , Punjab) , who were hiding there Khalistan Movement Operation Blue Star had profound effects on Indian politics , religion , society and national security.
Background of Operation Blue Star
Khalistan Movement in Punjab
the 1970s and early 1980s, there was a separate political party in Punjab . State of Khalistan The demand for the movement had intensified. This movement was called Bhindranwale A new turn was taken under the leadership of , who was religiously fanatic and politically radical. Bhindranwale used the Golden Temple as his headquarters and ran his activities from there.
Bhindranwale’s influence
- Bhindranwale influenced a large section of the Sikh community with his ideology and convinced them that Sikhs were not getting justice in India.
- They Golden Temple To Center of Khalistan movement He created it and from there he openly campaigned against the country’s government.
this movement Separatism in Punjab and caused to be promoted Terrorists And Organizations started spreading violence in the state.
Objective of Operation Blue Star
For Indira Gandhi and her government , the activities of Bhindranwale and his supporters were a major threat. National security crisis Bhindranwale and his supporters had taken the form of Golden Temple had turned the city into a military stronghold and stored heavy weapons there. Apart from this , they had encouraged terrorist activities in Punjab and surrounding areas. Under these circumstances, Indira Gandhi had to decide that Golden Temple to remove terrorists from Army intervention were required.
The aim of Operation Blue Star was to:
- Terrorists hiding in the Golden Temple To destroy it and liberate the temple from the clutches of terrorists.
- To restore peace and law and order in Punjab.
Planning for Operation Blue Star
to Operation Blue Star Indian Army , and it was conducted by General Kaul And General Shergill Various army squads were led by Golden Temple They were prepared to enter the temple. Under this operation, they were made to enter the temple. firing , bombing And Significant military action was done.
Army begins operation
- 5 June 1984 To Army entered the Golden Temple complex Did.
- This is a Military Operation in which there was Civilians There was no guarantee of safety.
- At the Golden Temple Bhindranwale and his supporters who were armed and on their behalf retaliatory firing was done.
Attack on Sikh shrine
The Golden Temple is the holiest site of Sikhism and holds immense importance for Sikhs all over the world. This military action from inside the temple Very controversial And Sensitive It’s done.
Results of Operation Blue Star
heavy casualties
As a result of Operation Blue Star Golden Temple There was a great destruction in the temple Bhindranwale And apart from his supporters, some innocent people were also present. Many people were killed in the army action and the Golden Temple was also damaged.
Death of Bhindranwale
During the operation Bhindranwale He was killed , but his support network and the ideas he spread continued to exist in many parts of Punjab.
anger of sikhs
The army action on the Golden Temple created a ruckus in the entire Sikh community Strong opposition Sikhs created it Attack on Sikh religion and culture This incident is a big event for the Sikh community. deep injury and caused a division in Indian society.
assassination of indira gandhi
The result of growing anger and discontent in the Sikh community after Operation Blue Star It happened on October 31, 1984 , when Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her two Sikh bodyguards — Beant Singh And Satwant Singh After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, there was a nationwide protest Anti-Sikh riots flared up in which Sikhs murders , robberies And Destruction of temples Happened.
After-effects of Operation Blue Star
- Political impact :
The political impact of Operation Blue Star was very deep. It led to a lot of opposition against Indira Gandhi and her government. Criticism And Oppose The incident intensified in Indian politics Religious urgency And Political instability Created an atmosphere of. - Division between Sikhs and Indian society :
After this operation in India Hatred towards Sikhs And Hatred has increased , and this is an important Religious and communal disputes A new phase of terrorism began in Punjab. - Social and cultural impact :
Military action on the Golden Temple Sikhism and culture hurt the sentiments of the Sikhs , and for many years the Sikhs were hurt. The destruction of the Golden Temple Religious freedom of Sikhs was seen as an attack.
conclusion
Operation Blue Star is a moment in Indian history controversial And sad This military action will be remembered as an incident the political and religious fabric of the country It was going to affect the Congress. Indira Gandhi called it Security of the nation And Inner Peace considered it a necessary step to maintain the religious rights And Attacks on sensibilities sees it as.
Operation Blue Star created a stir not only in Punjab but in the whole country Social and communal tensions generated , as a result of which assassination of indira gandhi And Anti-Sikh riots As the events happened, this incident is a big event in the history of India. deep impression left it and even today it Political and cultural influences are felt.
Personal Life of Mrs. Indira Gandhi
Mrs Indira Gandhi His private life was as complex and challenging as his public life. Various aspects in his personal life influenced his politics and work style. He managed his family and personal relationships even in many difficult situations , while being completely dedicated to the service of his country.
family background
Indira Gandhi was born on 19 November 1917 Navjot Sikh and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru He was born in the house of Dr. S.K. His family was very influential in Indian politics , and his name was associated with the Indian freedom struggle.
his mother Kamla Nehru was also a devoted freedom fighter. Indira Gandhi had a difficult childhood , as her mother died in 1938 and father Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Due to the freedom struggle and later becoming the Prime Minister of the country, he did not get the opportunity to spend much time with his children.
Marriage and family
marriage of indira gandhi Feroze Gandhi Feroze Gandhi was born on 26 March 1942. Feroze Gandhi belonged to a Parsi family and was a professional journalist. Feroze Gandhi was born Homeboy , Bombay His family Gandhi Family He had a deep relationship with and was a true follower of Mahatma Gandhi.
Marriage of Indira and Feroze:
- The marriage of Indira and Feroze was a love marriage , which caused opposition according to the political and social status of her family.
- of Feroze Gandhi The Nehru Family Despite his association with the , their marriage had family support Somewhat opposed had to face.
- Although Indira Gandhi and Feroze shared a strong bond , their marriage also had some personal conflicts. Feroze Gandhi fully supported Indira as his wife and friend , while Indira often ignored her family responsibilities while performing her political duties.
His children:
- Indira Gandhi had two sons:
- Rajiv Gandhi ( who later served India as prime minister)
- Sanjay Gandhi ( who was once active in Indian politics , but unfortunately died in a plane crash in 1980 )
Struggles in personal life
Indira Gandhi’s personal life struggles , pains and sorrows It was full of events , some of the major ones being as follows:
- Death of Sanjay Gandhi ( 1980):
- For Indira Gandhi sanjay gandhi His death was a great personal blow. Sanjay Gandhi was considered his true political successor. His untimely death was a great grief and personal tragedy for Indira.
- Rajiv Gandhi’s entry into politics:
- After Sanjay’s death, Indira rajiv gandhi into politics. She is his daughter-in-law Sonia Gandhi She loved Rajiv very much , and her contribution towards Rajiv’s political career was immense.
- Golden Temple Violence:
- For Indira Gandhi Operation Blue Star Another difficult experience was the operation against terrorists in the Golden Temple Opposition from Sikh community The violence escalated , which caused Indira Gandhi great pain on a personal and family level. These events were her Health and mental state But it was going to have an impact as well.
Hobbies and interests
of Indira Gandhi Hobbies and interests were also very interesting , and matched the seriousness of his political life:
- Reading and Literature:
Indira Gandhi had a deep love for books and literature. She classical music , poetry and indian Culture She had a deep understanding of Hindi. Her personal library was also very large. - Music and art:
to Indira Gandhi music And Art She was also interested in Indian music. She was a lover of Indian music and many times a classical music concert She used to participate in. - Travels:
An important part of his life Trips Which he did not do for political reasons , but also on a personal level. He was fond of knowing and understanding foreign cultures.
Personality of Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi’s Persona He was extremely strong and determined. Despite being the Prime Minister at one time, he was extremely strict in his personal life. straight and simple She was a woman of great temperament. Her specialty was that she was very careful with her Reactions And Thoughts to very by measuring expressed by them Self-confidence And strong decision making ability Several examples have been presented regarding this.
Indira Gandhi’s private life Despite his separation from political life , he was always seen as a tough , powerful and great leader. His Determination and dedication made him a landmark figure in Indian politics.
Conclusion:
Mrs. Indira Gandhi’s private life The more complex and challenging his work was , the more strong leadership Despite personal and family problems, he always kept his Serving the country His life was not only Politics Not only is it an inspiration for the people , but it also shows how a woman led in the world’s largest democratic system.
Death of Smt. Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi , one of the most influential and iconic figures in Indian politics , 31 October 1984 To New Delhi In His assassination This event was a great success for India and the whole world. sad and sad moment Because the death of Indira Gandhi was not only the assassination of a prominent political leader but it was also a loss to Indian democracy and society . Deep trauma Was.
murder incident
31 October 1984 Indira Gandhi in her Everyday routine According to the, she was on her way to the office when she two sikh bodyguards , whose names were Beant Singh And Satwant Singh , shot. Both of them were Indira Gandhi’s bodyguards and He belonged to the Sikh community .
Indira Gandhi was seriously injured and admitted to hospital after being shot by her bodyguards. pronounced dead This incident took place in Delhi Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital It happened near , where Indira Gandhi was immediately admitted , but her life could not be saved.
Reason for murder
reason for the assassination of indira gandhi Operation Blue Star It was a 1984 operation carried out by the Indian Army at the Golden Temple , Amritsar. During this military action Bhindranwale And to get his supporters out of the Golden Temple, the army entered the Golden Temple and conducted an operation. However, in this operation Bhindranwale were killed , but Golden Temple also suffered considerable damage , which There is huge resentment in the Sikh community Was born.
For this reason , one of the main reasons behind the assassination of Indira Gandhi was that the Operation Blue Star conducted by her led a section of the Sikh community to believe that their Religious Freedom has been attacked.
Beant Singh And Satwant Singh , who was Indira Gandhi’s bodyguard , was in prison after this incident. Martyr But his murder was seen as a symbol of anger and resentment of the Sikh community. After this murder , there was a lot of protest in India Anti-Sikh riots also got angry.
Effects after Indira Gandhi’s death
Indira Gandhi’s assassination event shocked India deep sorrow After his death, there was a tremendous political , social and communal impact in India. This event not only affected Indian politics but also brought the whole country together. Sensitive turn But I brought it to a standstill.
Anti-Sikh riots
After the assassination of Indira Gandhi Anti-Sikh riots in various parts of India Thousands of innocent Sikhs were killed , their houses and shops were looted and burnt. These riots were so terrible that Unity of India And Religious harmony faced a serious challenge.
Rajiv Gandhi becomes Prime Minister
After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, her son rajiv gandhi To Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had to take over as the Prime Minister. Rajiv Gandhi took many important steps to keep the country united in this time of grief , but the untimely death of Indira Gandhi presented many political and social challenges before him.
Mourning across the country
Causes of Indira Gandhi’s death India not only in Political mourning Rather Social mourning also spread. People took to the streets all over the country , and in every state Indira Gandhi’s respect to as condolences were expressed.
The Legacy of Indira Gandhi
After the death of Indira Gandhi, she was seen not only as a Prime Minister but also as a a hero and a source of inspiration He was remembered for his leadership , patriotism and And Determination gave a new direction to Indian politics.
- Her contribution to Indian politics :
Indira Gandhi made India Economically and politically strong gave. He Poverty eradication made many plans in the direction of and in the country Technology and science Many improvements were made in the area of. - Work towards social justice :
Indira Gandhi always the poor and oppressed classes He worked for and his policies were aimed at bringing about egalitarian changes in the society. - Strong female leadership :
Indira Gandhi proved as a woman that there is a place for women in the field of politics and leadership. Her leadership showed the way to empower Indian women.
conclusion
Death of Indira Gandhi pushed India in a new direction. Despite his untimely death, his Political and social impact is still alive today. His Heritage She is invaluable for Indian politics and society. She was a person whose contribution India’s growth , unity and strength For can never be forgotten.
the assassination of Indira Gandhi Deep shock in the country but his memory and his work will always remain alive in the hearts of the Indian people .
Indira Gandhi’s Memorable Contribution
Indira Gandhi’s contribution to Indian politics and society was extremely important. Her life and work are still relevant to Indian politics. Inspiration He remains the source of revolution in many aspects of Indian society and politics , and inspired the country to move in a new direction.
Contribution in making India a strong nation
Indira Gandhi did make india a strong nation After becoming the Prime Minister, he made many changes in Indian politics , due to which India’s Internal and external security Got stronger.
- 1971 Indo-Pak war and formation of Bangladesh :
Indira Gandhi’s biggest contribution Indo-Pak War He appeared during the formation of Bangladesh played a vital role in defeating Pakistan Bangladesh This event helped make India an independent nation. This event was a turning point for India. Great military and political success , which strengthened the country’s international position. - Economic reforms :
Indira Gandhi Eliminate poverty And Economic self-sufficiency He made many plans for Nationalisation of banks , Green Revolution And Blue Revolution Such steps were taken which gave new life to Indian agriculture and industry. - Influence in International Politics :
Indira Gandhi gave a strong direction to Indian foreign policy and Cold War in the era of Non-Aligned Movement He strengthened India’s role in the Soviet Union And America He tried to create a balance between the two and gave India an important place on the international stage.
Inspiration to give women a strong role in politics
Indira Gandhi encouraged women in politics powerful role In spite of being a woman herself , she inspired the Prime Minister to She led India as the Prime Minister , which was a very challenging task at that time.
- Women Empowerment :
Indira Gandhi expanded opportunities for women through her policies. Her government women education , health And employment Many steps were taken in the field of , which gave women a chance to make their mark in the society. - Guidance for women towards leadership :
Indira Gandhi proved that women can be as influential and capable in politics as men. Her leadership inspired Indian women and paved the way for many female leaders.
The most influential and decisive Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi still India’s most influential and decisive Prime Minister His decision making ability , the bold steps taken by him and his leadership gave a new turn to Indian politics.
- Bold decisions :
Indira Gandhi took many such decisions which are in history Bold and decisive For example , the decisions taken by him during the Emergency (1975-1977) had a profound impact on Indian politics. - National security and unity :
Indira Gandhi always believed in India’s National Security And integrity gave priority to the country. Under his leadership India faced many difficult times , but he always put his country first.
conclusion Contribution of Indira Gandhi Political , social and economic development of India I am invaluable. He has made the country a Strong Nation Many historic steps were taken to make women independent. Also , women were allowed to participate in politics powerful role inspired him to play a vital role and guided him towards leadership. Even today he is considered one of the most influential and Breakthrough Prime Minister He is fondly remembered as the “Single-Minister of State for External Affairs”. His life and work will remain an important part of Indian politics.