Biography of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

Name : Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

Born : 14 April 1891, Mhow , Madhya Pradesh

Died : 6 December 1956, Delhi

Fame : Maker of Indian Constitution , Social Reformer , Leader of Dalit Movement

 Early Life

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was born in a Dalit (Mahar) family. His father Ramji Sakpal was a Subedar in the British Army. Ambedkar had to face untouchability and discrimination since childhood , but he made education his weapon.

 Education

Ambedkar graduated from Bombay University. He received a Baroda state scholarship for further studies:

• MA and Ph.D. – Columbia University ( USA)
• D.Sc. – London School of Economics
• Barrister-at-Law – Gray’s Inn Law , London

 Social conflict

Dr. Ambedkar struggled throughout his life to provide equal rights to Dalits. Major movements:

• Mahad Satyagraha ( 1927) – Right of untouchables to drink public water
• Chavdar Pond Movement – Symbol of Equality
• Poona Pact ( 1932) – provision of reserved seats for Dalits

 Role in Constitution making

India became independent in 1947 , he chairman of constitution drafting committee He drafted a constitution that guarantees equality , liberty , secularism and social justice to all citizens.

 Her statement – “I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.”

 Religion change

Frustrated with the Hindu caste system, he wrote a letter to the Hindu community on 14 October 1956. adopted buddhism And started the ‘ Neo-Buddhist Movement ‘ with millions of followers .

 Major works

• Caste annihilation
• The Buddha and His Dhamma
• Who Were the Shudras?
• The Problem of the Rupee

 Demise and memory

He died on 6 December 1956. Mumbai’s Chaityabhoomi His tomb is located here. He was posthumously awarded the Padma Shri. Bharat Ratna ( 1990) Was awarded with.

 inspirational message

“ Be educated , be organised and struggle. ”
– Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

 conclusion

Dr. Ambedkar’s life is an inspiration for every person who wants to raise his voice against social injustice. He showed through his deeds that the power of education , self-confidence and courage can help in fighting against social injustice. But any person can change history.

 Sources and References

• Dhananjay Keer – Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission
• ambedkar.org
• Eleanor Zelliot – From Untouchable to Dalit
• Debates of the Constituent Assembly ( Government of India)
• The Buddha and His Dhamma (1957)

Preface

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is a unique personality in Indian history , who not only faced inequality , untouchability and discrimination in his life , but also gave the country a new social and constitutional outlook while fighting against it. He was a great jurist , economist , social reformer and the architect of the Constitution of independent India.

Ambedkar gave voice to the exploited and deprived class for centuries and showed them the path of education , equality and self-respect. His life proves that even difficult situations can make a person great , if he has the power of knowledge , struggle and leadership.

Even today his philosophy of life “ Be educated , be organised and struggle ” remains an inspiration for social change.

Early Life and Education

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 in Mhow Nagar Military Cantonment of Madhya Pradesh in a poor Mahar caste family , which was considered ‘ untouchable ‘ in the society at that time . His father’s name was Ambedkar Ramji Maloji Sakpal and mother’s name Bhimabai His father was a Subedar in the British Army and was conscious about education , due to which Ambedkar got the opportunity to get primary education.

Bhimrao was a brilliant student since childhood , but he had to face caste discrimination in school. In school, he was neither allowed to sit with other children nor was he allowed to drink water. But he continued studying even in these difficult circumstances.

 Childhood name and surname change

His original name Bhimrao Sakpal His surname was Ambedkar , but since he was from the Konkan province, his teacher wrote it as Ambedkar , which later became permanent.

 Journey of higher education

Bhimrao Ambedkar’s education journey was extremely inspiring:

• 1897 : Elphinstone High School , Mumbai – He was the first student from his caste to be admitted to this school.
• 1907 : Passed the matriculation exam – a historic achievement for his community.
• 1912 : from Bombay University Bachelor of Science ( BA) in Economics and Political Science
• 1913 : Went to America on Baroda state scholarship.
• 1915 : from Columbia University , New York MA (Economics)
• 1916 : Ph.D. (Economics) – Subject: The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India
• 1916-1923 : From London School of Economics and Gray’s Institute of Law D.Sc. and Barrister-at-Law He received the titles of.

Thus he became the first person in India who simultaneously acquired deep knowledge in diverse fields like economics , law and politics.

 Attitudes towards education

Dr. Ambedkar believed that Education is the most powerful weapon of the oppressed class. He said:

” Education is the weapon with which a person can change his destiny. “

Birth and Family Background

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was born 14 April 1891 To Mhow He was born in a town called , which was then a military cantonment in the Indore district of Madhya Pradesh (presently known as Dr. Ambedkar Nagar They are called a Mahar Caste He belonged to the caste , which was considered untouchable in the then Hindu society.

his father’s name Ramji Maloji Sakpal , who was a Subedar in the British Indian Army. Mother’s name Bhimabai Dr. Ambedkar was the fourteenth child of his parents , but many of his brothers and sisters died in childhood.

 caste social status

Ambedkar’s family was formally educated and his father was a person of discipline and religious nature. But the rigid casteist limitations of the social system remained the same for his family as for any other Dalit class.

He was born in a society where the untouchables:

• Sitting in rows was not allowed in school .
• They were not allowed to take water from public wells and ponds .
• Entry into temples was prohibited.

This experience later became the basis of his social views and movement.

 Change of name

His original name Bhimrao Sakpal The nickname “ Ambedkar ” was given to him by his Brahmin teacher Mahadev Ambedkar The name was given by , who taught him affectionately and got this name registered in the school records.

 In short

•  Place of Birth : Mhow (M.P.) , 14 April 1891
•  Caste : Mahar (Dalit Class)
• 👨 ‍ 👩 ‍ 👧 ‍ 👦 Father : Ramji Maloji Sakpal (Subedar in Army)
•  Mother : Bhimabai
•  Childhood Name : Bhimrao Sakpal
•  Effect : Racial discrimination awakened the consciousness of social reform in his mind

Foreign Education and Degrees

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s academic life was extraordinary and inspiring. After completing his primary education in India, he went to India for higher studies. He went abroad , where he obtained degrees from the world’s prestigious universities. His goal was not only personal advancement , but to make education a weapon for empowerment of the exploited society.

 Baroda State Scholarship

In 1913 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Surgeons. Baroda State Ambedkar received a scholarship for studying abroad from the University of Delhi. This scholarship was given by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad , who recognized and encouraged Ambedkar’s talent.

 Columbia University , US ( 1913–1916)

• Location : New York , US
• Entry : In 1913
• Major subjects : Economics , Sociology , Politics
• Degrees :
  • MA (1915) – Subjects: Ancient Indian Commerce
  • Ph.D. (1917) – Subject: The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India

 While studying at Columbia University, Dr. Ambedkar was deeply influenced by the concepts of American democracy , human rights and social justice.

 London School of Economics ( LSE), England

• Entry : In 1916
• Degrees :
  • D.Sc. in Economics (1923) – Research Subject: The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution
  • This research was later published as a book , which is considered landmark for Indian economic policy.

 Gray’s Inn , London

• Dr. Ambedkar studied law at Gray’s Inn Law (one of the four major law institutions in London). Barrister-at-Law Received degree of_.

 Major Degrees of Dr. Ambedkar – A Summary :

 Special things

• He was the first Indian to Doctorate from two top institutions of the world Received degrees.
• His research still remains a milestone in Indian economic history and constitutional development.
• He considered education as a means of social revolution and remained engaged in its promotion throughout his life.

Social Conflicts and Movements

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s life was not limited to education and constitution making , but he also worked towards the development of Indian society. caste inequality , untouchability , and social injustice He fought against terrorism all his life. He was not only a thinker , but also a Revolutionary social reformer There was also a person who led many historical movements across the country.

🟨 1. Struggle against untouchability

Ambedkar launched many social reform campaigns to bring the untouchables into the mainstream of society. He said education , political representation and self-respect are the rights of Dalits.

🟨 2. Mahad Satyagraha ( 1927)

• Location : Mahad , Maharashtra
• Objective : To provide Dalits the right to drink water from public water sources (Chavdar pond)
• Dr. Ambedkar declared that Dalits should also get equal civil rights as humans.
• They Manusmriti was publicly burnt , which is considered a symbol of caste discrimination.

🟨 3. Satyagraha at Kalaram Temple, Nasik ( 1930)

• Dalits were not allowed to enter temples.
• Thousands of followers under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar Kalaram Temple Did satyagraha in front of.
• this movement Religious equality became a symbol of demand.

🟨 4. Poona Pact ( 1932)

• Under the ‘ Communal Award ‘ , the British government gave Dalits separate electorate Planned to give.
• Mahatma Gandhi opposed this and started a fast unto death.
• Between Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi Poona Pact It happened , according to which instead of separate electorate, Dalits were given Reserved Seats I found it.
  ➡ ️ This agreement provided the basis for permanent representation of Dalits in Indian politics.

🟨 5. Establishment of social organizations

• Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha ( 1924) – for education and social reform of Dalits
• Samta Sainik Dal ( 1927) – Organisation of workers for social justice
• Independent Labour Party ( 1936) – Political voice of workers and oppressed
• Scheduled Castes Federation ( 1942) – as a national organisation of Dalits

🟨 6. Women’s rights

Dr. Ambedkar also supported women’s rights to education
, property and equal opportunities. ➡ ️ He drafted the Hindu Code Bill , which gave women the right to inheritance and divorce (though the then government did not pass it).

 Characteristics of Dr. Ambedkar’s social struggle

• He never resorted to violence ; all his movements Constitutional , non-violent and justice based are.
• They consider Dalits not just a vote bank , but Conscious Citizen Wanted to make it.
• His movements created a stir in India Equality , secularism and human rights strengthened the foundation of.

✍ ️ Motivational Quotes

“I like the religion that teaches liberty, equality and fraternity.”
–Dr. BR Ambedkar

Leadership of Dr. Ambedkar In Important Movements

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar led many movements for social justice , equality and Dalit rights. His movements were non-violent and he tried to change the Indian society by staying within the ambit of the Constitution and law. Below is a list of some of his major movements:

🟨 1. Mahad Satyagraha ( 1927)

• Location : Mahad , Maharashtra
• Objective : To give Dalits the right to drink water from the public pond (Chavdar Pond)
• Feature : This movement was the first organized mass Satyagraha against untouchability.

🟨 2. Manusmriti Burning Day ( 1927)

• Date : 25 December 1927
• Location : Mahad
• Meaning : Dr. Ambedkar publicly burnt the Manusmriti , which was considered a symbol of caste discrimination and anti-women laws.
• This day is considered a historic turning point in the Dalit movement.

🟨 3. Satyagraha at Kalaram Temple, Nasik ( 1930)

• Objective : To allow Dalits to enter temples
• Impact : This was a major social struggle for equal rights at religious places , which raised deep questions in the society.

🟨 4. Poona Pact ( 1932)

• Context : British government announced to give separate electorate to Dalits
• Event : Mahatma Gandhi went on a fast unto death ; A historic agreement was signed between Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi
• Result : Instead of separate electorate for Dalits Reserved Seats were given

🟨 5. Demand for political rights for Dalits ( 1936-1942)

• Independent Labour Party Establishment of
• The problems of workers , farmers and Dalits got a political platform
• Later Scheduled Castes Federation Establishment of

🟨 6. Movement to Accept Buddhism ( 1956)

• Date : 14 October 1956
• Location : Deekshabhoomi , Nagpur
• Incident : Dr. Ambedkar left Hinduism and accepted Buddhism
• Importance : This was India’s largest religious conversion movement , in which millions of Dalits adopted Buddhism

 conclusion

These movements led by Dr. Ambedkar were not only for the rights of Dalits , but they also brought about a new era in India. social harmony , secularism And Constitutional Consciousness He laid the foundation of the movement. His movements generated a strong wave of social change , which is continuing even today.

Contribution of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar In The Making of The Constitution

The most historic and indelible contribution of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar making of constitution of india He was not only a member of the Constituent Assembly , but was also a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee . Chairman of Drafting Committee was appointed. His leadership and vision transformed India into a Democratic , secular , egalitarian and just republic Laid the foundation for construction.

🟨 1. Appointment to the Constituent Assembly ( 1946)

• When the Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946 , Ambedkar was nominated as a member from Bengal (later elected from Bombay).
• On 29 August 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize chairman of constitution drafting committee Was made.

🟨 2. Basic Principles of the Constitution

Dr. Ambedkar incorporated the following basic ideas in the Constitution:

• Equality : discrimination based on race , religion , sex , language or place of birth prohibited
• Freedom : freedom of speech , expression , religion , movement, and occupation
• Fraternity : The feeling of mutual brotherhood among all citizens
• Social Justice : Reservation for Scheduled Castes , Tribes and Backward Classes
• Secularism : There will be no state religion – equal rights for all religions

 He made the Constitution a document which is not merely a collection of laws , but A guide to social revolution is also there.

🟨 3. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

• Fundamental Rights : Rights to life , liberty , equality and expression
• Directive Principles : Path to socio-economic equality and establishment of welfare state

Dr. Ambedkar clearly stated:

“ Political democracy can survive only if it is based on social and economic democracy. ”

🟨 4. Rights of minorities and underprivileged

Dr. Ambedkar added several provisions to the Constitution to protect the rights of Dalits , women , tribals and religious minorities , such as:

• Reservation in education and government jobs
• Right to temple entry and social equality
• Protection of Women’s Rights (Draft Hindu Code Bill)

🟨 5. Passing of the Constitution and Dr. Ambedkar’s speech

• Final draft of the Constitution 26 November 1949 was accepted.
• It came into force on 26 January 1950 – the same date as India’s Republic Day Is.
• Ambedkar said:

“ We have achieved political freedom , but it is incomplete without social and economic equality. ”

 Dr. Ambedkar’s contribution in brief

 conclusion

To Dr. Ambedkar ” Maker of the Constitution of India” But he was not just a jurist . He gave the Constitution a tool for social change , which led India towards becoming a progressive and egalitarian nation.

His contribution continues to this day The basis of India’s democratic soul Is.

Role of Dr. Ambedkar In The Constituent Assembly

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s Role in the Constituent Assembly This is one of the most decisive and historic events in the history of Indian democracy. He not only made a strong statement in the Constituent Assembly Legal Expert rather they​ spirit of the constitution He also became the creator of.

🟨 1. Entry into the Constituent Assembly

• Year 1946 When the Constituent Assembly of India was formed in 1935 , Ambedkar was elected for the first time. Bengal Province Selected from.
• After some time they Bombay Presidency He was made a member of the Constituent Assembly.
• He was not the only representative of the Scheduled Castes , but was certainly the most influential and vocal voice.

🟨 2. Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee ( 29 August 1947)

• 7 member drafting committee for constitution making Was formed.
• Dr. Ambedkar had to pay heed to this chairman Was appointed.
• This committee worked for 2 years , 11 months and 18 days and prepared the draft of the Constitution.

🟨 3. Historical speeches given in the Constituent Assembly

Dr. Ambedkar gave many historical speeches in the Constituent Assembly , in which he emphasized on democracy , social justice and equality.

➡ ️ Their 26 November 1949 In his last speech he said:

“ We have made a Constitution that provides for political equality , but unless social and economic equality is achieved , independence will remain incomplete. ”

🟨 4. Major contribution in the Constituent Assembly

🟨 5. Dedication to the making of the Constitution

• Ambedkar studied more than 2000 parliamentary debates and drafted a Constitution with 395 articles and 8 schedules.
• studied deeply the constitutions of many countries of the world (like America , Ireland , Britain , France etc.).

 conclusion

Role of Dr. Ambedkar in the Constituent Assembly Central axis He considered the Constitution of India not just a legal document but a Manifesto of social revolution His leadership and vision gave India the foundation of a strong democratic , egalitarian and secular nation.

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar’s Adoption of Buddhism

Dr. Ambedkar’s life was not only a symbol of political and social revolution , but Religious renaissance also had a great chapter. In the last phase of his life he Hinduism’s social inequalities and casteism being disappointed by Buddhism adoption This decision was not just personal , but Restoration of the identity and dignity of millions of Dalits became a symbol of.

🟨 1. Background of religious conversion

• Dr. Ambedkar since childhood Untouchability and discrimination were victims of.
• He raised his voice against casteism and untouchability in Hindu religion on many platforms , but he could not find any permanent solution.
• They used to say:

” Liberation of Dalits is impossible while remaining in Hinduism. “

👉 This was announced in 1935 :

“ I was born as a Hindu , but I will not die as a Hindu. ”

🟨 2. Why did you choose Buddhism ?

• Ambedkar said Christianity , Islam , Sikhism and Buddhism A comparative study of .
• him into Buddhism Logic , humanity , non-violence and equality He found values that matched his ideas.
• called Buddhism a ” confluence of religion and science ” .

🟨 3. Buddhist Conversion Ceremony ( 14 October 1956)

• Location : Deekshabhoomi , Nagpur (Maharashtra)
• Time : On the day of Dussehra , a historical moment
• Attendance : Approx. 5 lakh dalit followers
• Incident : Dr. Ambedkar 21 Buddhist Vows (Pratyaksha Sutra) and then initiated his followers into Buddhism.

 He said:

” Today I am being born again into Buddhism. This is my rebirth.”

🟨 4. 22 Vows (Pledge Sutra)

While adopting Buddhism, Dr. Ambedkar took 22 resolutions , the main ones of which were:

• Now I will not worship Hindu gods and goddesses.
• Now I will not give donations to Brahmins.
• I will believe in Buddha , Dhamma and Sangha.
• I will follow the path of equality and justice.
• I will not accept any caste discrimination.

 These 22 vows are still in force today neo-buddhist movement are the basis of.

🟨 5. ” The Buddha and His Dhamma” book

• Dr. Ambedkar’s last and important work based on Buddhism
• interpreted the life , principles and Dhamma of Lord Buddha from a scientific and social reformist point of view.
• was published after his death in 1957

 conclusion

Dr. Ambedkar’s inclination towards and acceptance of Buddhism was not just a religious step ; it Self-respect , liberation and social revolution It was a historic decision.
He not only saved himself but also millions of oppressed classes The path of new consciousness and self-reliance Showed.

even today in India neo-buddhist movement It is a living proof of that revolution of Dr. Ambedkar , who redefined religion at the level of humanity and equality.

Religious Conversion and Its Impact

Religious conversion and its impact By Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Buddhism adoption was not merely a personal change of faith , but One of the most revolutionary events in the social history of India His conversion to Islam on 14 October 1956 at Nagpur’s Deekshabhoomi not only shook the conscience of millions of Dalits , but also brought about a new era in Indian society . A new wave of equality and self-esteem Gave birth to.

🟨 1. restoration of self-esteem

• Millions of people suffering from caste-based humiliation and untouchability An equal and dignified identity through Buddhism Found it.
• Ambedkar said:

” Religion should be the path that leads to equality , liberty and brotherhood.”

 This step of his is for the oppressed class “spiritual liberation “ became a symbol of.

🟨 2. Beginning of the Neo-Buddhist Movement

• After Ambedkar’s conversion, an organised neo-buddhist movement It started.
• Millions of Dalits embraced Buddhism and gave up their identity as “Shudra” or “untouchable” Neo-Buddhist It was declared.
• This movement spread to Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh and later to all over India.

🟨 3. Social change and spread of education

• The neo-Buddhist community adopted education , economic development and social upliftment.
• Buddhist monasteries , educational institutions and organizations started being built , whose aim was – knowledge , compassion and organization.

 Example : Many Buddhist schools , colleges and cultural institutions in Maharashtra are direct results of this change.

🟨 4. Effect on Hindu society and politics

• Ambedkar’s conversion Introspection within Hinduism inspired the movement , especially on issues such as the caste system and untouchability.
• At the political level Dalit politics And issues of social justice came into the mainstream.

 Thereafter, the reservation provisions given in the constitution and equal civil rights The demand for further discussion and implementation of the bill intensified.

🟨 5. International influence

• Ambedkar’s conversion came to the attention of Buddhist and human rights organisations around the world.
• Interest in Ambedkar’s teachings and Buddhist philosophy grew outside India (particularly in Sri Lanka , Japan , Thailand).
• them a Modern Buddhist thinkers Was honored as.

 The effect of the 22 vows on neo-Buddhists

given by Dr. Ambedkar The 22 Vows were not just related to religion , but:

• Complete disagreement with racism
• Women’s dignity and equality
• Renunciation of Brahmanism
• Self-reliance , education and organized life promotes the .

 conclusion

Dr Ambedkar’s religious conversion was a Historical turning point who gave religious faith Social justice and self-respect This revolution continues even today – the neo-Buddhist society , their literature , institutions and activism are living proof of it.  Ambedkar proved that religion is not just a belief , but A medium to move towards equality and justice It can also happen.

Demise and Legacy

The life of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was as inspiring as it was His death is also the end of an era He fought against social injustice , casteism and inequality throughout his life and helped millions of people Human rights , education and self-esteem showed the way.

🟨 1. demise

• Date : 6 December 1956
• Location : Delhi , at my residence
• Cause : Diabetes and heart problems
• He left this world at the age of only 65 , but his life was a Indelible impression I left it.

 Just two months before his death ( 14 October 1956) he embraced Buddhism – this was the most important moment of his life. The Last Revolution Was.

🟨 2. Mahaparinirvana

• Ambedkar’s death was celebrated by his followers Mahaparinirvana (Great Nirvana) Believe it – as it happened in the life of Buddha.
• His funeral was held in Mumbai Chaityabhoomi It happened on , which today is a major religious and memorial sites It is done.

 every year on 6 december Millions of followers Reach there to pay tribute.

🟨 3. Legacy​

Dr. Ambedkar’s legacy is multi-faceted:

🟨 4. Recognitions given to Dr. Ambedkar

• 1990: Bharat Ratna posthumously awarded the
• 2012: TIME magazine called him ” The Greatest Indian”
• At home and abroad Dr. Ambedkar University , memorial , postage stamp , and Literature Tributes are paid to him through.

 conclusion

Dr. Ambedkar’s life is a message – ” There is no change without struggle” . He died physically , but his thoughts and philosophy are still alive in the hearts of crores of people. The flame of social justice and equality It is burning after being formed.

 He was not only a person , but An ideology , a movement , and a living source of inspiration Are.

Major Books of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was not only a constitution maker and social reformer , but also a Prolific writer , thinker and philosopher His works provide a deep insight on topics such as social justice , caste system , religion , economics and politics.

His books are still A guiding book on the rights , self-respect and equality of the oppressed classes Are considered.

🟨 1. Annihilation of Caste

•  Year: 1936
•  Language: English
•  Theme: Strong criticism of the caste system in Hinduism
•  Special point: This article was originally written for a speech which was banned by Hindu Mahasabha , later he published it himself.

 Citation :

” Caste not only divides , it murders humanity.”

🟨 2. The Buddha and His Dhamma

•  Published: Posthumously , 1957
•  Language: English
•  Theme: Life of Lord Buddha , teachings and essence of Buddhism
•  Special feature: It is considered to be Ambedkar’s last and most spiritual work , which was considered a “religious text” for neo-Buddhists.

🟨 3. Who Were the Shudras? ( Who were the Shudras ?)

•  Year: 1946
•  Topic: Origin of Shudras and their place in the varna-vyavastha
•  Analysis: With historical and linguistic evidence, Ambedkar proves that Shudras were originally Kshatriyas who were socially degraded.

🟨 4. The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Solution

•  Year: 1923
•  Topics: Monetary policy of India , Rupee and British economic exploitation
•  Special fact: On the basis of this thesis he london school of economics He received his doctorate from.

🟨 5. Thoughts on Linguistic States

•  Year: 1955
•  Topic: Whether or not the states in independent India should be reorganized on the basis of languages
•  Thought: Ambedkar supported the reorganisation of states on linguistic basis , but at the same time unity of the nation But concern was also expressed.

🟨 6. Riddles in Hinduism

•  Topic: Logical critique of the traditions , deities and texts of Hinduism
•  Controversy: This book was quite controversial and many times demands were raised to ban it.
•  Special thing: In this Ambedkar raised questions on the characters of Ram , Krishna , Manu etc. from social point of view.

🟨 7. Pakistan or the Partition of India

•  Year: 1940
•  Topics: Muslim League demand , Pakistan , and Partition politics of India
•  Ambedkar, understanding the concerns of the Muslims, proposed what the advantages and disadvantages of the partition would be.

 Other notable works

 conclusion

Dr. Ambedkar’s books were not merely academic works , but they were documents of social revolution. He Research , reasoning and experiences On this basis, he created such literature which shook the foundations of Indian society.  His books today Universities , competitive examinations , social movements and intellectual discussions are quoted repeatedly in.

Conclusion: A Man of The Era , an Ideology

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was not just a person , but he Symbol of equality , justice and freedom His life is a combination of struggle , knowledge , revolution and service , which is still important for crores of people. An invaluable source of inspiration Is.

He transformed the hardships of his personal life into the great cause of social reform. His journey from an untouchable child to becoming the architect of the Constitution of India tells us that With education , self-confidence and courage, anyone can break social bonds.

 Ambedkar not only wrote the constitution but also planned the future of India Society structure , foundation of secularism and social justice kept it.

 He made education a weapon for Dalit liberation , and Religion change Gave a new dimension to the fight for self-respect through.

His legacy is not just in statues or monuments , but in the thoughts of every person who Against racism , injustice and discrimination He stands up.

 Today, when India is facing challenges to social and constitutional values , Ambedkar’s ideology is more relevant than ever before. Relevant and necessary Has occurred.

Sources and References

Sources and References  Books

1. Annihilation of Caste – Dr. BR Ambedkar (1936)
2. The Buddha and His Dhamma – Dr. BR Ambedkar (1957, published posthumously)
3. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches – Edited by Vasant Moon, Published by Govt. of Maharashtra (26+ volumes)
4. Ambedkar: Towards an Enlightened India – Gail Omvedt (Penguin Books)
5. Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Ancient India – Dr. BR Ambedkar
6. Dr. Ambedkar and Untouchability: Fighting the Indian Caste System – Christophe Jaffrelot

 Online Sources

1. https://www.mea.gov.in – Government of India official portal
2. https://www.ambedkar.org – Dr. Ambedkar Studies official archive
3. https://archive.org/details/@babasahebambedkar – Ambedkar’s digitized works (public domain)
4. https://niti.gov.in – NITI Aayog’s research on Dr. Ambedkar
5. https://en.unesco.org – Ambedkar’s global recognition reports
6. https://indiaculture.gov.in – Ministry of Culture resources on Ambedkar Jayanti & his legacy

 Major Articles and Journals

• Indian Journal of Social Work – Ambedkar and Social Justice
• Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) – Ambedkar’s Economic Thought
• UNESCO Archives – BR Ambedkar and International Human Rights

 Academic Sources

• Columbia University Library – Ambedkar’s thesis and study records
• London School of Economics Archives – Records of Ambedkar’s academic journey
• IGNOU eGyankosh – Ambedkar Studies (Social Sciences Department)

 Miscellaneous Credible Sources

PRSIndia.org – Historical information about the constitution making process

of the Indian Government Bharat Ratna Honor details ( Padma Awards site)

Published by Maharashtra Government Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: A Study in Social Democracy